How Technology and Environment Might Influence the Structure of an Organisation

Student Name: Adeniyi Adebowale Module: Principles of Organising and Managing Student Number: 500188225 Due Date: 15th of March, 2010 Title: Explain how technology and environment might influence the structure of an organisation; support your answer with examples. Paragraphs: 25 Charles Perrow (1974) suggests that there are four types of technology that determines an organisation's most effective structure and success in the market. The following are the types of technology: Non-routine Technology are characterized by high task variability and low task analyzability, examples include tasks performed by research chemist, advertising agencies, high-tech product designers and top management teams. With this type of technology, an organization has to develop structure that allows employees to respond quickly to manage exceptions and create new solutions like an organic structure. Engineering Technology is characterized by high task variability and high task analyzability, examples of these includes civil engineering companies that build roads and bridges another example includes motor manufacturers that produce customized cars. Craft Technology is characterized by low task variability and low task analyzability, examples includes an accountant preparing a tax return and a plumber fitting a bath or shower. Robbins (1993) further argued that technology has and will continue to influence growth and development in organization. Technology has made a fundamental impact in the education sector, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many organizations. For example, education institutes must also use technology to improve the educational learning process. In the past decade, computers and the Internet have changed the way in which education can be delivered to students since it is currently possible to engage in distance education through the Internet. There are two means in which technologies can be used in delivering education to students and they are listed below: Synchronous Technologies is a mode of online delivery where all participants are â€Å"present† at the same time requiring a timetable to be organized. Web Conferencing is an example of synchronous technology. Asynchronous Technologies is a mode of online delivery where participants access course materials on their own schedule. Students are not required to be together at the same time. Message board forums, e-mail and recorded video are examples of asynchronous technology. draw:frame} {draw:frame} Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 36. Placid, Randomized Placid, Clustered Disturbed, Reactive Turbulent Fields {draw:frame} The figure below outlines the suggested points in details: Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 49. Source: Andrzej Huczynski and David Buchanan (2001), page 47 References Stephen P. Robbins, 1993, Or ganizational Behaviour, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall International, U. S. A. Stephen P. Robbins, 1994, Management, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall International, U. S. A. David Faulkner, 2002, Strategy_: Critical Perspective on Business and Management_, Volume 1, U. K. Lloyd S. Baird, James E. Post and John F. Mahon, 1990, Management: Function and Responsibilities, Harper Collins Publisher, U. S. A. Harold J. Leavitt, Louis R. Pondy, and David M Boje, 1988, Readings in Managerial Psychology, 4th Edition, The University of Chicago Press Ltd. U. S. A. Charles Perrow, 1974, Organizational Analysis: A Social View, Tavistock Publications, London, U. K. Alan Fox, 1974, Beyond Contract: Work, Power and Trust Relations (Society Today and Tomorrow), Faber Publishing, London, U. K.

Map the Supply Chain Paper Essay

Introduction Prior to developing a supply chain map, it is important to identify and understand the nature of the plan, the importance of mapping, and the role the map plays in the strategy. The supply chain represents all companies that are in contact with a particular product. The supply chain is a network, which outlines the steps it takes to get a good or service from production to the final customer. The map links strategic processes of a firm to facilitate the evaluation of supply chain structure. In short, the supply chain categorizes the responsibilities of the manufacturer, distributor, dealer so duties avoid overlapping or duplication. The goal of a supply chain is to become more effective and efficient, which gives a competitive advantage over other competing supply chains. The following will map the supply chain of Pepsi-Cola beverage. The map will illustrate the process of manufacturing the product and continue until the retailer passes the product to the consumer. In the preceding supply chain map, the manufacture and distributor are both part of PepsiCo. The retailer makes up all grocery stores, convenience stores, and mass merchandise stores. Manufacturer Pepsi-Cola beverage is a favorable soft drink beverage that drinkers have become accustomed to its unique flavor. In order to ensure product consistency, around the world, manufacturing must follow strict guidelines. These guidelines include the quality of raw materials, ensure packaging meets company standards, finished product quality meets specifications, and ingredients are similar. To provide consistency in product quality is crucial to outline the supply chain tasks for the manufacturer. The functions of the manufacturer are specific to product quality, packaging, and shipping a high quality finished product to the operations facilities. Following the supply chain map in manufacturing outlines the duties of  manufacturing that ensure the product formula is identical regardless of which manufacturer produces the product. sources raw materials, such as sugar and aluminum for cans designs the packaging and graphics determines the proper ingredients and quantities regularly calibrates and calculates the formula throughout production produces the product and ensures quality introduces new products based on customer demands ships product to sales operations Distributor The next step in the supply chain map is the distributor. Once the distributor receives the product from the manufacturer, they allocate the quantities based on retailer needs. The distributor uses their relationship to secure product displays, write product orders, extend short-term credit to the retailer, and delivers product to the retailer. Pepsi-Cola distributors also supply manpower to ensure the product makes it to the shelf is maintained daily. The product chain tasks break down the required steps a distributor is responsible for. These tasks provide efficiencies and are assigned to make sure there is zero overlapping between the manufacturer and distributor. receives shipment from the manufacturer establishes relationships with retailers extends credit to retailers breaks down orders for direct store delivery (DSD) sale, deliver, and service product at retail location. Retailer The retailer allocates a specified amount of space for Pepsi Cola. The distributor is responsible for ordering, filling, and maintaining this space. The retailer determines products placed in advertisements, based on the distributor’s product allowances given to the retailer. The retailer also employs customer service representatives to support customer needs and provide them with the needed services to make the exchange of products for cash value. This completed process finalizes the transfer of the product to the consumer. provides shelf and display space for Pepsi Products advertises to drive consumers to the store determines product selection based on distributor’s allowances employs customer service representatives to assist the consumer processes the transaction transfers possession to the consumer In the supply chain of Pepsi-Cola beverage each company has a particular role. These functions are essential to the success of providing the product to the final consumer. A successful supply chain map designates specific tasks that each company is responsible. These tasks are specific and are meant to ensure the product makes it to their business in the most efficient and effective manner. Depending on how detailed and well thought out a supply chain map is, determines whether the plan can improve the efficiency of getting the product through each company channel. Many companies strive for an optimized supply chain because it can lead to lower costs for the enterprise. Other purposes of an optimized supply chain are to eliminate issues when product flows between businesses and to create a standard throughout the global market.

Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Law - Essay Example This Act covers Great Britain matters on equality powers and has continued to fight for legislation anti-discrimination instead of a single act. This is because of power-sharing disagreements in the government. The equality law has failed since it has only produced a collision between competing equality strands. However, there must be better ways of resolving conflicts between faith-based and sexuality- based equality rights. In this regard, this essay will expound on equality law failure having produced collision between competing equality strands and better ways of resolving conflicts between-faith based and sexuality-based equality rights, in reference to the British case-law and wider international academic debate. British case law and wider international debate The British case law adopts an integrated and unitary perspective of equality law which in enforced by the commission. It also clarifies various definitions of victimization, discrimination and harassment which it applies as well as expands positive duties on public authority in terms of authority. Therefore, equality law having in reference to the new single equality Act in Britain. It will also base on the struggles outcome between competing ideologies and different interest groups. The first generation of British was under formal equality, where it demanded â€Å"that likes must be treated alike†. ... Additionally, the increase of equality and diversity is significant in the sense that it raises questions of conflicts with human rights commission. In this subtopic, the essay will set out general principles, as well as an approach to policy and equality law conflicts. Evidence to be used will be Equality Act 2006 and recent Equality Act 2010 which has established a less or more cross-ground legislative comprehensive framework which forbids discrimination on basis of protected characteristics. This will also include some of the grounds that are covered under the European Law. Power sharing disagreements Power sharing disagreements have evolved quickly within a short episode of time. This subtopic will argue on the ground that power should be shared on both sexes. This issue has imposed a huge debate on courts in regard to British case law and wider international debate which does not contain any direct protection against power sharing agreements. However, it aims at achieving modern ization, harmonization and simplification on equality law. This is in relation to several principles that declare the right to equality in all sexes and equal protection in terms of discrimination regardless of sex. The state gives a full effect on the right to equality in all its activities. Additionally, there must be no hierarchy of equality. The law does not expect women and disabled people to be treated the same way as men. Evidence will be from Discrimination Act of 2008 , British Act. Discrimination challenges Every individual has a right to treated equally and fairly. This sub-topic will explain some of the challenges that indiscrimination offers in reference to the right of individuals to fight for compensation in case of unlawful discrimination in tribunal and industrial

How to implement dual language programs in already established Dissertation

How to implement dual language programs in already established elementary schools - Dissertation Example This shortcoming has both local and far-reaching effects ranging from immigrants who try to make themselves understood to the business person who must negotiate with foreign governments (Firoz, Maghrabi & Lee 2002). Leon Panetta, Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, stated, â€Å"To stay competitive in the global society, the U.S. needs more people with foreign language proficiency† (Picard, 2010, para. 3). Although the population of the United States has expanded through several generations of immigrants, command of foreign languages is not as prevalent in the United States as it is in other countries in the world. For Example, in the European Union, more than 50% of the population is functionally communicative in their native language plus one more (Hulstrand, 2008). Data from the 2007 American Community Survey captured information on language use by members of the US population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Less than half (42.7%) of 5- to 17-year-olds had English-only speaking ability. More (72.4%) 18- to 40-year-olds were English-only proficient, and even more (78.3%) of individuals ages 41 to 64 years were English-only proficient. Of those 65 years old or older, 32.6% spoke only English (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). There is a need to increase the numbers of students who are proficient in a second language in addition to English. Beginning with entrance into school at 5 years of age, and continuing through high school and beyond, students could benefit from a dual-language instruction (DLI) or two-way immersion (TWI) program. Lindholm-Leary and Borsato stated, â€Å"High school students who participated in the TWI program developed high levels of academic competence and motivation, ambitions to go to college, knowledge about how to apply to and get into college, and pride in bilingualism† (p. 1). Students who participate in TWI programs become proficient in more than one language into adulthood and are able to contribute a global society (Estrada, Gomez, & Ruiz-Escalante, 2009). Denver, Colorado, maintains a largely monolingual school district at the foot of the Rocky Mountains. The district is considered to have a high-mobility population; students in this school district have moved more than once, and up to three times or more in any given school year (Denver Public Schools [DPS], 2010). The Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP), implemented in 2002 to address the standards imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 ([NCLB] 2002), is the state-mandated test that all students from Grade 3 through Grade 12 must take. NCLB obligates every teacher to be highly qualified in their specialty subject(s), including reading. Fifth-grade English language learners (ELLs) and English language proficient (ELP students in largely monolingual public schools in Denver have consistently shown little to no progress in reading (DPS, 2010). What little progress has been reported by the CSAP since 2005—only a 9 percentage-point median growth for students across the district, regardless of ethnicity (Colorado Department of Education, 2011)—is cause for concern. From a starting level of 46 percentage points in 2005, students’ CSAP scores in reading have ris en and fallen unpredictably. In 2006, scores for progress in reading rose to 49 percentage points. In 2007, scores for progress in reading plummeted to 42 percentage points. Scores rose to 53 percentage points in 2008 and fell again to 50 percentage points in 2009. Finally in 2010, reading across the district rose again to 55 percentage points (DPS, 2010). The DPS district is not the only one in the state or any other state with high numbers of ELLs who are experiencing reading problems (Goldenberg,

Recycling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recycling - Assignment Example We are tuned to wants being unlimited and deprivation is not a word that's welcomed. So let us equate the word Reduce with 'No Wastage.' This is something that is understandable and manageable and can be immediately implemented. Mass media's Hidden Persuaders [2] have trained us to reach out for the new. It makes good commercial sense, to them, to have products flowing from the manufacturing line, straight into the hands of the consumers. It has made us to imbibe a false sense of dignity, by privately or publicly discarding the partially used, a form of squandering actually, to deal with the new. Let us then look at the word Reuse to be consistent with 'getting the money's worth' by being a good steward. There is one great notable point to be derived from all these three strategies. To extend and save the planet Earth by every act of Reduction or Reusing or Recycling, YOU are important. When you serve the purpose you are worthy to be emulated. When that happens, you are to be celebrated. Dear Ones, the fast pace at which precious scarce resources are being used up Reduce, Reuse or Recycle may not remain a choice. It may just become mandatory that we exercise it. Believe me we are not very far from such a situation. If we show concern NOW, we may surely be able to postpone it for some time in the future. Or else it may tantamount to committing hara-kiri. Let us look in some detail as to what we... It may just become mandatory that we exercise it. Believe me we are not very far from such a situation. If we show concern NOW, we may surely be able to postpone it for some time in the future. Or else it may tantamount to committing hara-kiri. Let us look in some detail as to what we can do with these three recommendations. So that it becomes a way of life for us. So that our conscious efforts continue to yield the desired results, and that we impact the world in a positive manner. I would like to get on with the first two, Reduce and Reuse very briefly. For you will find when I elaborate on Recycle how these two interweave with it to make it an essential composite whole. REDUCE When we introduced the word here we decided to look at it as 'No Waste.' If we gear our activities towards waste minimization the immediate effect will be fall in procurement. The less we buy the less waste or garbage is generated. Truly the discipline exercised will stand in good stead in time to come. Be an informed and aware consumer and your shopping selections will begin to fall in place. 4 REUSE One advantage of this is that it requires no further processing for it to be used. It is good the way it is and has the latent potential to serve the purpose it was bought for. All that we need to do is reach out for it again. Donating things and stuff to charities fall in this bracket too. So does garage sales! Some one is going to buy and reuse it. Reusing products postpones it from becoming a waste. RECYCLE When waste is perceived as a valuable resource the re-cycle process begins from that moment. This generates a host of environmental, financial, and social benefits when it is followed through.

Statistical Process Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statistical Process Management - Essay Example According to research, the number of downtime errors for the samples chosen ranges from zero to ten. On the other hand, the fraction of defect for all software in each organization ranges from 0 to 0.1. This means that in every one hundred software, in each of the service-based organizations, the number of defective software ranges from 0 to 10. The data collected by PYRON Software Company is a collection of data gathered in 6 months. Therefore, in each month, the number of downtime errors for each of the service-based organizations ranges from 0 to 1.7. Also, the research done in all the 20 samples showed that the average percentage availability is 99.4%. According to the interpretation above, the service performance for the past six months for PIRON Software is in control. This is because the software are used by the organizations approximately 99.4% of the time, but the average defectiveness remains less than 10% (Oakland,

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) Assignment

LACMA Pacific Standard Time exhibits (Kienholz, Nordman, and Asco) - Assignment Example Nordman seems to have paid delicate attention to grasping the idea about the unique possibility with nature and the immensity it is bound to substantiate the contemplative instinct of its watcher. In the mode of art detailed via the aforementioned pieces, one emerges to recognize the fluidity in the elements of smoke and the projected sight and sound of the surging beach water. Already there comes for a viewer the response to possess the moment of naturally and constantly blending into the scene. If a music were to exude out of the show, then it would be to hear a fusion of jazz and rhythm and blues with alternative melodies playing under the conceptualized mood of dynamism and stillness. A sense of elegance is fashionably rendered in the simplicity of the acts and materials used to evoke the film’s romantic objective. It is entirely up to the audience how thoughtful imaginings ought to depict any mystery in or characterize the prospective lovers. Having felt the intellectual side of the artist in directing the individual attitude of the man and the woman, such creation may be claimed to have attained a distinct level of mature sensibility which is capable of sending the viewers adrift from their typical perspective of romance or affectionate yearning. Enhancing her creative design as Nordman puts it: â€Å"The Pacific ocean and the sun are also actors in the scene.† As a whole, Maria Nordman does live up to her identity with permanent transience in this exhibit that the manner it takes the interpreter appears more of by acquiring familiarity with a passion for something yet unknown. Her style commences a postmodernist approach with filming that has quite the potential of adjusting sentimental or psychological reactions. Being one that is perceived with optimum use of space, the Filmroom presentation might strike the heart with smoky impression of varying meanings yet even further to that, it is certain to find the inevitable poetic reflections dissolve in

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Essay Example The challenges come from in diverse forms, from the selection of specific topics to satisfy each academic need, to preparations for preliminary drafts taking into account critical elements that need to be incorporated in essay writing. Aside from the crucial requisite to perennially observe correct grammatical rules, to ensure that the detailed objectives for the essay are attained, there is this relevant element of writing the essay with the intended audience to be taken into consideration. Particularly for the purpose of this reflective essay, I have to bear in mind that I relay the improvements and transformations noted from personal perspectives on these various literary works written during the course. Essays that required a comparative analysis of a situation, of personalities, or of themes (of which I compared two Batman movies) assisted in developing analytical skills that required making in depth assessments of various elements of the movie: the actors, the plot, the charact ers, cinematography, sounds, and awards received, accordingly. The activity honed, not only writing in correct grammar, spelling and structure; but more so on delving into details to achieve the objective of selecting and justifying from among those elements identified, the best movie from one’s point of view.

Eth125 r8 stereotypes prejudice 1 Essay Example for Free

Eth125 r8 stereotypes prejudice 1 Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: ?Race ?Ethnicity ?Religion ?Gender ?Sexual orientation ?Age ?Disability Category Stereotype 1 Stereotype 2 Stereotype 3 Race All Mexicans are illegal. All Asains are bad drivers. Blacks are good at all sports. Gender Women are bad drivers Men are dirty. A woman can’t work the same jobs as a man. Disability Disabled people are sick. Someone with a disability should be treated special. Disabled people will not have a fulfilled life. Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? There is no positive aspects of stereotypes in any form because judging others by sterotypes is wrong and gives people the wrong ideas about a group of people baised on looks. There is no positives in grouping people all into one category and leaving no room for individuality. ?What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? There are many negitive aspects of sterotypes and one is that a communitie is never treated as a whole because of the stereotypes given. People are labled and put into different catigories because of the sterotypes that have been labled on them. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet ETH/125 Version 8 2 Part III Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. ?Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. Stereotyping is when a person is labled into a large group of people instead of just their own individual category. Prejudice is when someone has a certin attitude towards a group. Prejudice is more associated with discrimination then stereotyping. Groups that are prejudice can be violent. Hate crimes are committed because of people’s prejudice and racism. ?What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? I believe the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice is the same because it has the same results. Violence results from peoples ignorant views on different cultures. Sterotyping just enforces the views that racist people have. We have had to create laws just to keep people from fighting other people based on the color of there skin. ?What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? I think that if we educated people to not be judgemental and teach our children while they are young that everyone is equal to them and should not be judge on the ethinic background, culture, gender, sexual orentaion, and religion then prevention of prejudice will stop occurring. People learn how to be prejudice from ignorant adults who are close minded and racist. Copyright  © 2012 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Everyone should get check-ups regularly Essay Example for Free

Everyone should get check-ups regularly Essay Through time people have become more and more afraid of physicians. This results in fewer and fewer doctor or dentist visitations. This is not a good habit to fall into. Everyone should get regular doctor and dentist check-ups. The reason for this is to prevent loss of teeth, diseases, and many other things. Firstly, if you started to loose your teeth this would be a very unattractive thing. Many people try to pull this look off and they just cannot do it, very much like the mullet. Why not just go to the dentist every six months for a regular check-up and have your teeth cleaned, x-rayed, and examined so you do not have to have your food in smoothie form because you cannot chew your food with your two teeth. Some more motivation to go to the dentist might be that with those two teeth chilling with all those gums you do not have a very good chance getting a date, a girlfriend, or a wife, unless the girl you are seeing only has two teeth also, then in that case it is all good. Secondly, you should not just wait until you get sick to go to the doctor. You should go at least once a year for a full physical and check-up. Many people let it go until it is too late. This is the case for many things like heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lung disease, glaucoma, macro-degeneration, and cancer. These are diseases that cannot be let go, and if let go, could cause death, blindness, or other more severe diseases. Many of these diseases can be eliminated or slowed down if caught at an early stage and may save or extend your life just by getting regular check-ups and physicals. Thirdly, men and women should both go and see their respective genital doctor. Many lives could be saved every year if men and women alike would go get these check-ups to avoid getting testicular cancer, which is becoming more and more prevalent, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, which men can even get, and other diseases which are tied together with peoples private parts. No one should be ashamed or scared to go and see these doctors; no one  should ever be ashamed or scared to try to keep and maintain him or her a healthy body and lifestyle. In conclusion, everybody, grab your wallets, HMO cards, blue cross ? blue shield cards, and head to your nearest dentist or doctor to get your check-ups and physicals. You do not have to hardly anything but sit there and smile. So, open your mouth, stick out your tongue, bite down on this, lift your arms over your head, turn your head and cough, lift up your shirt, drop your drawers, touch you toes, look into the light, and brace yourself Ethel cause that stethoscope is kind of cold. And please do not forget to brush your teeth and before you go to any of these places because dentists and doctors like to see you but do they really need to smell you as well?

Effects of Stigma on Drug Users

Effects of Stigma on Drug Users In this essay I will demonstrate my understanding of stigma and labelling. There are certain people who are stigmatised and substance users often have a negative stereotype. This negativity will often not allow the substance user to seek the help and medical treatment that they need due to the stigma and labelling. I will be discussing the research around the impacts of stigma and labelling that will affect not only their treatment but in housing and employment. The term stigma originates from the ancient Greek word and signifies that he or she could be a slave, criminal or traitor and was used as a sign of disgrace and shame. It is now used to describe people who are stereotyped because of their social identity (Pierson Thomas, 2010). According to Goffman, when a person is not able to meet expectations because their behaviour or attributes are undesirable or unacceptable, then stigma disqualifies a person from social acceptance. Goffman suggests that stigma is, an undesirable attribute that is incongruous with our stereotype of what a given individual should be Goffmam (1963:3). Stigma is a use of negative labels and is about disrespect. It is not just a matter of using the wrong word but labels that person who has the substance use disorder. Stigma results in discrimination and abuse and is damaging to the lives of many people. The fear of stigma discourages families and many individuals from getting the support and treatment that they ma y need to lead normal healthy lifestyles. Stigma deprives people their full participation into society which then reinforces negative stereotypes (Goffman, 1968). The way of coping with stigma is to conceal behaviours and internalize these negative views and as a result will be subject to discrimination and exclusion within many areas. Drug problems will remain entrenched if substance users are seen as junkies. Landlords will be reluctant to let out their properties and employers will be wary of giving them jobs. Employment and housing are important to substance users as it can be vital in establishing themselves back into society (UKDPC, 2008). Research studies show that 80% of drug users are unemployed. Being employed is shown to be an important component into the reintegration into society. Once in work, it will help in building their self-esteem and back into normal life (UKDPC, 2008). Family members feel shame and stop trusting them and in some cases, disown him/her. Communitys will finger point, try to avoid contact and will gossip about them. Many would argue that societys disapproval of drug use; especially cannabis and heroin will say stigma is necessary to demonstrate disapproval (UKDPC, 2010). Stigma can also make the substance user stigmatize themselves, make them feel alone, rejected and destroy their self-esteem. Seeking help is very difficult for the substance user and will prevent them from doing so. They will often feel that quitting would be no use and returning to normal life would be impossible because people in society will no longer trust them and so will join in with other drug users, start criminal activities to pay for their use and accepting the blame of society (UKDPC, 2010). Stigma discourages families and individuals from getting the support and treatment they require. Families suffer the impact when another family member has a drug use (UKDPC, 2009) and it alters all their social invitations and friends that they once had. Other family members will often withdraw and children will often be targeted by bullies. Stigma deprives people of their full interaction into society. The UK Drug Policy Commission (UKDPC) suggests that 1.5 Million people in the UK are affected by a relatives drug use. Supportive relationships are key to a successful recovery. Carers UK commissioned a study which estimated that carers in the UK made a contribution of  £87 billion in total economic value in one year. This may have excluded many who have not come forward with coping with a relative who has a drug problem but this gives us some indication of the social contribution likely to be made by the supporting families (DrugScope/Adfam, 2009). The drug user must have determina tion and faith in reaching their goals and there will probably be setbacks and barriers but with the support and contribution of social workers, support groups, family and friends, this will help towards the recovery process (HM Government, 2010). Families and relationships are key issues for recovery and drug users improve when their family is behind them. They are more than likely to complete treatment and maintain their new lifestyles (Best Laudet, 2010). DrugScope published research in 2009 by interviewing a random sample of over 1000 people aged 18 plus. The research published showed that one in five adults had a personal experience of drug use, either direct or indirect. The findings where: 19 % have personal experience of drug addiction either directly or among family or friends; 1 in 10 adults have a friend who has experience of drug addiction; 1 in 20 have experienced drug addiction in their family; 1 in 50 has personal experience of drug addiction. 77 % agree investment in drug treatment is sensible use of government money. The poll found that 19% either had direct or indirect personal experience of a family member or knowing someone within their circle of friends. 11% were likely to have a friend who has experienced drug addiction. 6% had family members who were drug dependant, yet 2% experienced the drug dependency themselves. These figures do suggest that drug misuse and the dependency do affect many peoples lives and is a social problem (DrugScope, 2009). Stigma to substance users will possibly make addiction recovery and treatment more difficult. Substance users often manage in secret and would rather not seek out the treatment and live in denial. The University of Nevada studied 197 drug users on the affects of stigmatization. This research identified that because of the use of stigma they would become more dependent on their drug use due to the perceived negativity that the society had on drug users. 60% of drug users in this study felt that they were treated differently after people knew that they were a drug user. 46% felt that others became afraid of them once they found out and 45% felt that their families gave up on them and wanted nothing more to do with them. 38% of their friends had rejected them and finally, 14% of employers paid a lower wage (Addiction, 2010). Users have no good reason to stop using when you look at this research study. This research identifies that stigma is conceptuality unique. Drug users also had a mo re difficult time in treatment at succeeding when there were higher levels of stigma. The study also showed that drug users often cope in secret due to their inability to openly discuss their addiction; this caused poor mental health and decreased their chances of recovery. By reducing shame the society could help in driving forward in helping the treatment of drug users who are not coming forward due to stigma (Addiction, 2010). Stigmatising is not only found amongst the public but also by the professionals who may be working directly with them. Professionals, such as doctors and nurses, who work directly with drug users, will have a greater insight into the problems that drug users face on a day to day basis. Miller et al (2001) mentioned in UKDPC (2010:30) summarised research from the USA which showed an increase in negativity towards drug users. Two studies of the treatment of problems with drug users and drinkers both in the inpatient care and safety net emergency department showed that negative views during training, continued when they became qualified and working within their practice (UKDPC, 2010). Stigma between health professionals and the drug user will prevent them from seeking help and may be one of the reasons as to why the drug user will not seek out the help or medical treatment that they require (Kelly Westerhoff, 2010). Everyone knows that it is wrong to discriminate, whether it is because of their race, culture or religion. Substance use is very common and is widely misunderstood. It is essential that we learn about the person and treat with dignity and respect. This will then help in emphasizing their abilities (Mental Health and Recovery Board, 2009). Public attitudes to drug addiction were explored in the UK in 2002 (Luty Grewal, 2002). Results showed that 28% regarded drug users as having a mental health problem. 38% assumed that drug users were criminals and 78% to be deceitful and unreliable. 30% said that they deserved the misfortune that fell upon them. 62% thought that the law were too soft on drug users and 40% believed that their children should be taken into care. It was concluded by Luty and Grewal, 2002, the results clearly indicate a negative view of drug addicts (Luty Grewal, 2002:94). Yet, DrugScope in 2009 wanted to find out the attitudes of the public towards drug users and drug treatment. They commissioned a poll and the findings suggest that the public to be very sympathetic than sometimes often assumed. 80% of the people surveyed agreed that people can become addicted to drugs because of other problems within their life. 35% agreed that it was the individuals fault for drug use and that there is no excuse. A large amount of respondents 88% agreed that for the drug user to get back on track, they needed help and support and 77% agreeing that the investment of government money towards drug treatment is sensible. This research showed a sympathetic response of the majority of the people surveyed. Drug users are the most marginalised people in society where discrimination and stigma are key into the barriers of receiving recovery. Two thirds in a recent poll showed that employers would not employ anyone with history of drug use, even though they were suitable for the job. Stigma and discrimination still remains a barrier to recovery and will clearly impact of them finding work. It will also affect being housed appropriately and accessing the healthcare that they need (DrugScope, 2009) The things that we can do as practitioners in helping to overcome the stigmatisation is to have a better understanding of how difficult it is for people to change who may have low self-efficacy. First impressions count and for a substance user, coming through the door is hard enough. The substance user will have come because they are in a crisis and has realised it is time for change (Lecture Notes, 2012). As social workers we have to realise that engaging with the substance user will help in the first steps to recovery and help in building relationships. Building respect and trust will prevent misunderstandings that may lead to conflict. Having good communication skills is effective and at the heart of social work. It is only through our communication skills that we are able to understand the knowledge of others and work effectively (Trevithick, 2009). It is important to communicate as it helps in exchanging our thoughts and feelings and in forming the foundation of a good relations hip. Communication allows you to help the substance user to be more receptive to the new ideas by creating an environment that they can trust and help in developing resolutions. To have an open and honest relationship, trust is important in succeeding this. An agreement ideally should be met with the substance user about confidentiality. They have a right to know who will be able to access any information about them (Koprowska, 2010). Motivational Interviewing is a well known model developed by William Miller in 1982. It is a model used with people to evoke change, especially people who have problematic substance misuse. Motivational interviewing is a client-centred counselling style and helps the service user to reach their decisions about potential behaviour change (Nelson, 2012). This model helps in identifying and understanding the substance users motivation to change and highlight to the client their perceived negatives and benefits of change. The principles of motivational interviewing are to express empathy, develop discrepancy by helping the client in increasing their awareness of the consequences of their behaviour. Avoiding argumentation as it is them who are the expert. Roll with resistance by encouraging the client to develop their own arguments. Resistance is normal if you are uncomfortable about something and lastly self efficacy by highlighting the skills and the changes they have already made (Lect ure Notes, 2012). Assessing motivation with the substance user and finding out at which stages they may be will help in me identifying where the substance user is in their dependency. A well known model called the cycle of change developed by DiClemente and Prochaska (1982) represents the point at which the substance user passes during their change in behaviour. The different stages are: Pre-Contemplation, this is where the service user has no desire to change. Contemplation, this is where the service user may be considering their situation and is more aware of it. Preparation is where the service user makes a decision to change their substance misuse. Action and this is where the service user takes steps in bringing about change. Maintenance is where they have stopped using the drugs and moved to a more controlled and less harmful way of using and is maintaining that change. Relapse is where the service user will go back to their old behaviour and will have to start the Cycle of Change again (Teater, 2011:122). The substance user may slip back or relapse in to their old behaviour because permanent behaviour is very difficult to change, particularly with people who want to make change in substance misuse. This is very difficult and may take several attempts (Nelson, 2012). Motivational interviewing will help the substance user move through the stages of change. Having good active listening skill is important and will help in making the substance user feel that he/she is being helped. Many people will feel encouraged when they have been truly listened to without interruption and will often become encouraged and empowered (New Jersey Self-Help Group Clearinghouse). A good listener allows the person to get their own stories and opinions across, which active listening will allow them to do so. If you interrupt, the person will feel that they may not have been listened to. They will not feel respected and may hold information through being cautious. It is important to allow them to know that you were listening and will help in encouraging them to continue talking. Leaning forward, maintaining eye contact will also show them you are interested in what they have to say (MindTools, 2012). You have to remember to not let environmental factors distract you as this could make you lose focus. Giving the substance user your undivided attention and ackno wledge what they are saying. Using body language either by nodding occasionally, smiling and encouraging the speaker to continue by saying verbal comments, such as yes and go on will encourage the speaker to continue by knowing you are listening. Giving positive feedback by paraphrasing e.g. What I am hearing is and It sounds like you are saying, are good ways of reflecting back and help in clarifying certain points that the substance user may have said and helps towards getting more background information. Paraphrasing also helps in allowing yourself to really understand what has been said and helps the substance user know that they have been heard und understood correctly (Koprowska, 2010). Having the three core conditions of counselling of empathy, respect and congruence will help to enhance the substance users motivation to change. Empathy allows putting you in another persons shoes and having a better understanding of their feelings and emotions. You must ignore your own percep tion of the situation and accept their feelings and thoughts. By doing this does not mean that you accept the behaviour they are doing but means that you understand them. Congruence allows you to be yourself and that you are only human and a real person. This will help in reducing the stress the substance user may have. Having respect is accepting the person for who they are regardless of what the person says or does. When others have possibly made that person feel negative, it is very hard for them to feel positive. Showing the substance user respect will show willingness that you want to work with them, which will allow them to grow confidence (Trevithick, 2009). Change is difficult, so it is normal for the substance user to feel ambivalent. Using the Decisional Balance will help in identifying the positives and negatives of their behaviour. If you are going to change, you need a reason to and people change when the positives outweigh the negatives. We always have to be aware of the short term or long term risk factors including their level of usage and what type of drugs they are using (Miller Rollnick, 2002). Motivational interviewing helps the substance user in identifying the importance of their behaviour change and also helps the practitioner help in doing so by enhancing their motivation. This model works well alongside the cycle of change as it is useful to assess where the substance user may be in their cycle of change and help in identifying the strategies you may use (Nelson, 2012). In conclusion, if a person does not conform to social stereotypes, they are more than likely to be marginalised and bear stigma. People with substance misuse are of all types and come from different backgrounds (Pycroft, 2010). Working with individuals who are experiencing substance use, it is important to remain focussed. Providing constant feedback and offering support will help in engaging the drug user towards solving the crisis the substance user may have. Having a non-judgemental attitude underpins social work along with empathy and advocacy (Trevithick, 2009). People with substance misuse are often viewed as less worthy and deserving. Stigmatisation can cause prejudice, marginalisation, discrimination and oppression and is often reinforced by the media and even our own families (Theory and practice, 2011). People who substance use are often stigmatised and feel shameful of it and can happen if the substance user has had several attempts. When you are ashamed of something and y ou disclose it, it is very hard especially if youre unsure as to how the other person is going to respond. It is important for myself to reflect upon my own value base and prejudices that I may have. Referances All about Addiction (2010) Addiction Stigma: making addiction recovery, and addiction treatment entry, even harder. www.allaboutaddiction.com/addiction/addiction-stigma-making-addiction-recovery-harder (accessed 16 November 2012) Best, D,. Laudet, A. B. (2010) The potential of recovery capital, Royal Society of Arts. DrugScope/Adfam (2009) Recovery and drug dependency: a new deal for families. http://www.adfam.org.uk/docs/recovery_dependency.pdf (accessed 26 November 2012) DrugScope, (2009) Closer to home than you think: one in five adults knows someone with experience of drug addiction. London :DrugScope http://www.drugscope.org.uk/Media/Press+office/pressreleases/ICM_poll_results (accessed 18 November 2012) Goffman, E. (1963) Stigma: notes on a spoiled identity. Prentice-Hall. New York. Goffman, E. (1968) Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Harmondsworth: Penguin. HM Government, (2010). Drug Strategy 2010: reducing demand, restricting supply, building recovery: supporting people to live a drug free life. http://mhfe.org.uk/sites/default/files/shared/drug-strategy-2010.pdf (accessed 26 November 2012) Kelly, J.F. and Westerhoff, C.M. (2010). Does it matter how we refer to individuals withsubstance-related conditions? A randomized study of two commonly used terms. International Journal of Drug Policy, 21 (3), 202-7. Koprowska, J. (2010). Communication and Interpersonal Skills in Social Work. Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. Lecture Notes (2012) Social Work with Substance Users: Assessment and Initial Intervention. Hull University. Luty, J. and Grewal, P. (2002). A survey of the British publics attitudes towards drug Dependence. Journal of Substance Use, 7, 93-5. Mental Health and Recovery Board (2009) http://www.mhrbeo.org/stigma.html (accessed 20 November 2012) Mind Tools (2012). Active Listening. http://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/ActiveListening.htm (accessed 26 November 2012) Miller, W,. Rollnick, S. (2002) Motivational Interviewing: preparing people for change. New York: Guildford Press. Nelson, Anna (2012) Social Work with Substance Users, London: Sage Publications Ltd. New Jersey Self-Help Group Clearinghouse. Improving your listening Skills. http://www.mededfund.org/NJgroups/Listening_Skills.pdf (accessed26 November 2012). Pierson, J., Thomas, M. (2010) Dictionary of Social Work. England: Open University Press. Pycroft, A. (2010) Understanding and Working with Substance Misusers. London: Sage Prochaska, J., DiClemente, C. 1982) Transheoretical therapy: Towards a more integrative model of change, Theory, Research and Practice, 19:276-88. Maclean, S,. Harrison, R. (2011). Theory and Practice: A straightforward Guide for Social Work Students. Great Britain: Kirwin Maclean Associates Ltd. Trevithick, p. (2009) Social Work Skills: a practice handbook. England: Open University Press UKDPC (2008) Working Towards Recovery. London: UK Drug Policy Commission. http://ukdpc.org.uk/publications.shtml#employment_report (accessed 15 November 2012). UK Drug Policy Commission (2009). Adult Family Members and Carers of Dependant Drug Users: Prevalence, social cost, resource savings and treatment responses. http://www.ukdpc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Evidence%20review%20-%20Adult%20family%20members%20and%20carers%20of%20dependent%20drug%20users_%20prevalence,%20social%20cost,%20resource%20savings%20and%20treatment%20responses.pdf (accessed 26 November 2012) UKDPC (2010) Getting serious about Stigma: the problem with stigmatising drug users. London: UK Drug Policy Commission. http://www.ukdpc.org.uk/publication/getting-serious-about-stigma-problem-stigmatising (accessed 15 November 2012). UKDPC (2010) Sinning and Sinned Against: The Stigmatisation of Problem Drug Users. London: UKDPC http://www.ukdpc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Policy%20report%20-%20Sinning%20and%20sinned%20against_%20the%20stigmatisation%20of%20problem%20drug%20users.pdf (accessed 18 November 2012) Trevithick, P. (2009) Social Work Skills: a practice handbook. England: Open University Press. Teater, B. (2011) Applying Social Work Theories and Methods, England: Open University Press.

Making Funeral Speeches More Dramatic in Julius Caesar :: William Shakespeare Julius Caesar Essays

Making Funeral Speeches More Dramatic in Julius Caesar As every schoolboy knows, Shakespeare’s play of Julius Caesar isn’t a play based on reality but is a play about ‘Was Brutus right to kill his beloved Caesar?’ Therefore, the funeral speeches were written to allow Brutus a chance to prove that he was right to kill Julius Caesar whereas it also gives Antony the opportunity to convince the Plebeians how it was wrong to assassinate Julius Caesar. For these speeches to become livelier and not dull, this scene will be changed into a thrilling play for the spectators to watch and enjoy! Firstly, the Roman-set play has the stage picture of fruits and used objects scattered all over the floors of the closed down markets to mourn Julius Caesar’s death (in other words an excuse for a holiday)! There is an elevated rectangular area in the middle of the stage and there also is a door to the elevated area. The Patricians (Antony and Brutus) have to open this door and go up a small flight of stairs to reach the top of this raised section. Here everyone all around them will see them. A red striped toga clothes these Patricians whereas the civil servants are wearing green striped togas. Dirty rags to show the audience what they earned from their worthless jobs are clothing the Plebeians. A balcony is used for speculation of the play. This is where a few Plebeians mix with the audience along with a few civil servants blending into the crowd of watchers. All of the Plebeians and the civil servants have a major role to play in the external part of the play, which shall be explained later. The stage is covered in debris and Plebeians are also scattered between and outside all four corners of the stage. Secondly, the properties, which are probably the most important aspects of this attractive scene, include a large proportion of Antony’s properties. However, Brutus doesn’t have any properties. In addition to these, there are also visuals and music. Antony’s assets are inclusive of: - 1) The Will- of Julius Caesar 2) The Corpse of Julius Caesar- that is put on the front of the raised rectangular area to create trepidation in the weak hearts of the gullible Plebeians. So as to cause more perturbation in the Plebeians hearts, the bayonet that Julius Caesar was killed by is laid by the corpse pointing vertically downwards. As for the music, an hautboy (oboe) is heard playing swiftly in the background- but not disrupting the funeral speeches. Ultimately, there is a spotlight shining up from beneath the orator’s feet and its

chlamydia Essay -- essays research papers

CHLAMYDIA What is Chlamydia? Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria. It is estimated that chlamydia is the most common STD with 3 - 4 million new cases each year. Rates of chlamydia are highest in the West and Midwest, part of the contry. How is it Spread? Chlamydia is spread by direct person-to-person contact. It is almost always transmitted through sexual contact. It is also possible for pregnant women to pass the bacteria to their infant during birth. How Do you Know if you are Infected? Because symptoms are not always present, you may be infected with chlamydia and not know it. You can be tested for chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases at your local doctor. To test for chlamydia, the physician will use a cotton swab to collect cells from your genitals. What are the Symptoms? If present, symptoms may appear in a week to a month after infection. Seventy-five percent of persons with chlamydia may show no symptoms. Men are more likely than women to show signs of infection. Chlamydia in Men Painful urination. Mild, sticky, milky or mucus-like discharge from penis Testicular pain Irritation around opening of the penis Symptoms may seem to "come and go" Chlamydia is often silent in women, with up to 90% of women asymptomatic. Women can carry the bacteria for months or even years without knowing it. This makes screening very important. When symptoms do present, they include the following: Chlamydia in Women Mild, milky or ...

Hill Country snack food Co. Case Essay

Hill Country’s operating strategy and its impact on business risk & financial strategy The operating strategy is to produce high quality products through efficient, low-cost and aggressive operation as well as singular management. In detail, the company provides several kinds of snacks to satisfy different type’s customers. The company expands its presence into sporting events, movie theaters and other leisure events to attract customers. An efficient and low-cost operation is achieved by strong control of budgets and costs. Customers are satisfied by companies’ quick react to their requirements or preferences and reinvent and expand its products, showing the efficient management for the customer requirement. Also, all decisions are made in order to build shareholders’ value, indicating singular management. For the business risk, the snack foods industry was very competitive, facing off against competitors like PepsiCo and Snyder’s-Lance very day. In this high rivalry industry, company could not succeed by price increase. And unfavourable cost due to both internal and external factors is not easy to control. In order to control the business risk, the company is actively involved in the budget approval process, and the operating strategy has very important part to keep the costs under control. For the financial risk, the more debt financed the higher financial risk it is. The company’s risk avoidance strategy is manifested in its financing decision. The company is managed in preference for equity finance and against debt finance, investments are funded internally. The optimal capital structure for Hill Country The optimal capital structure is the capital structure at which the market value is maximised and the cost of capital is minimised. There are 3 alternative capital structures from pro forma 2011 financial information. If Hill take 60% debt to capital ratio, the company repurchases the most of the shares comparing with 20% and 40% debt to capital ratio structure, the debt would be B rated with highest interest rate of 7.7%, reflecting the higher risk. The net income would drop to $76M, however, the tax would reduce by around $12M, but the interest expense increases to $33.5M, there is big gap between them. In terms of the 20% debt to capital ratio one, the debt is  rated at AAA with 2.85% interest rate, the tax and interest both decreases and increases slightly, the EPS and dividend per share in 20% and 60% are less than which in 40% scenario. Regarding to the 40% debt to capital structure, the debt is rated at BBB with 4.4% interest rate. Also, the interest coverage ratio is strong(11.8). The very important part is that even the net income reduces by 8.5%, the EPS and dividend per share, are both the highest compared with 20% and 60% scenarios, thus adding value to the shareholders. In addition, it allows the firm not to be over leveraged, which is in favor of the firm that it does not want to have too much debts. The financial risk is the highest in the 60% scenario since the shareholders have the highest financial leverage(facing bankruptcy). According to the calculation(appendix), the highest value of the firm is $2482M under 40% debt scenario compared with 20% and 60% debt scenarios, thus maximizing the firm value. Therefore 40% debt to capital structure is recommended. Benefits of debt financing Debt financing allows control of business. Owner can made decision and does not need consider shareholders or investors. * Debt is tax-deductible. This means that it shields part of business income from taxes and lowers the tax liability. * The lender do not share the profits. Business only need to make repayment. * Debt is less expensive than equity due to its contractual nature and priority claim How large the benefits are depending on the magnitude of the tax benefit numbers, the benefits that reallocated to investors and whether the costs of debt that are less than the benefits from debts. Changes the capital structure? It is recommended that Hill Country to change the capital structure. The capital structure is too conservative, having negative impact on financial performance measures. Hill Country has excessive liquidity, and the interest rate is quite low, it is good opportunity to involve debts. The impacts of the change would be the increase in debt and decrease in equity. The company can get advantage of debts as mentioned before, it is aggressive growth strategy. And the financial ratios such as ROE, ROA, EPS, dividend per share as well as the value of firm would improve. Also, the repurchase of the shares will result in the increase in the share price. However, most lenders  provide severe penalties for late or missed payments, which may include charging late fees, taking possession of collateral, or calling the loan due early. Failure to make payments on a loan, even temporarily, can adversely affect a small business’s credit rating and its ability to obtain future financing. Debt financing is also borrowing against future earnings. This means that instead of using all future profits to grow the business or to pay owners, the firm has to allocate a portion to debt payments. Also, debt can limit future cash flow and growth, decreasing in equity could lead to higher debt-to-equity ratio. Alternatives to increase debt/decrease equity Instead of issuing debt, the firm can borrow debt from banks to increase debt. In order to reduce equity, another method is to rewards its investors by distributing a portion of its profits in the form of cash dividends. Since the cumulative earnings of a company are reported within the balance sheet equity account â€Å"retained earnings,† cash dividends are shown on the company’s financial statements as a direct reduction of the account. In addition, Increase expenses can bring the same effect. Depreciation is an operating expense that allows a business to allocate or spread the costs of its assets over the length of their useful life. The use of an accelerated depreciation method results in a higher depreciation expense during the asset’s earlier years of service, resulting in a lower net income and equity balance during this time. Conclusion and Recommendation Due to the strong cash balance and high liquidity of the firm, it is recommended that Hill Country to take 40% debt to capital finance with respect to the several benefits with the debt financing to increase the firm value. Also, the firm can consider the alternative ways to change the capital structure. Appendix NOPAT=EBIT(1-tax) tax rate=35.5% Hamada equation: Beta L=Beta U[1+(1-T)(D/E) Risk free rate(Rf)=1.8% Market interest rate(Rm)=3.8% cost of equity=Rf+ Beta L*(Rm-Rf)

Case Study Principles Of Management Education Essay

Introduction: Learning is a procedure. Learn mean know something freshly. It may get cognition, behavior and accomplishment. Human acquisition may happen as portion of instruction or personal development. Learning manners are a manner to assist better personal quality and accomplishments. This differs adult male to adult male. There are many learning manners ; ocular, logical, verbal etc. There are some theoretical accounts and manners in larning like as ‘TRAP ‘ theoretical account ‘VAK ‘ theoretical account and there are some known figures who presented their position for larning. As an illustration Kolb ‘s learning rhythm. Kolb ‘s learning rhythm: Kolb presented the following learning rhythm in 1984 which is called Kolb ‘s learning rhythm. Kolb ‘s experiential acquisition theory are today good known to faculty members, instructors, pupils, directors, and trainers and every bit good as others. Successively, Kolb ‘s acquisition manners theoretical accounts and Fundamental constructs towards our apprehension and explicating human larning behavior and towards assisting others to larn besides. He described larning system in two levels- a four phase rhythm and four-type definition of larning manners. Four phase rhythms is as below: Concrete experience ( making or holding an experience or CE ) Brooding observation ( reexamining or reflecting on the experience or RO ) Abstract conceptualization ( reasoning or larning from the experience or AC ) Active experimentation ( be aftering or seeking out what anyone has learned or AE ) And these four manners are the rhythm and that is every bit below:Figure: Kolb ‘s acquisition rhythmPage-3 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php ) Four-type definition of larning manners, ( each stand foring the combination of two preferable manners from Kolb ‘s manner, it is like a two-by-two combination, harmonizing mathematical matrix regulations of the four-stage rhythm manners, as presented below ) , for which Kolb used the footings: Converging ( AC/AE ) Accommodating ( CE/AE ) Assimilating ( AC/RO ) Diverging ( CE/RO ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm ) Abstract conceptualization ( AC ) Concrete experience ( CE ) Active experimentation ( AE ) Converging ( AC/AE ) Accommodating ( CE/AE ) Brooding observation ( RO ) Assimilating ( AC/RO ) Diverging ( CE/RO ) We besides can stand for it as follows ;( Class talk and class stuffs )Active experimental – abstract conceptualization Active experimental – Concrete experience Brooding observation – Concrete experience Brooding observation – Concrete experience But this tabular array can be represent in many manner merely we have to administer Diverging ( CE/RO ) Assimilating ( AC/RO ) , Assimilating ( AC/RO ) and Accommodating ( CE/AE ) in different manner. And anyone can make that and explicate in his ain manner. Now we will hold a expression how these systems adaptable encephalon or people work or execute in practically. Converging ( making and believing – AC/AE ) – this is a practical and engineering based acquisition system. Peoples with meeting larning manner attempts to work out any job utilizing their acquisition and attempts to happen work out any practical issue. They like proficient jobs and their concern about people and inter personal facets is less. They are best at happening Page-4 Practical utilizations of theories and issues. They are most attracted to proficient undertakings and jobs apart from societal and interpersonal issues. They like to make experiment with new jobs and issues. Accommodating ( making and experiencing – CE/AE ) – The people who are with Accommodating larning manner, they are really active and relies on surmising instead than logical. They use analytical theories and practical attack to make any undertaking. They prefer new challenges and they are much planned. Peoples with an Suiting acquisition manner prefer to work in squads to finish undertakings. They set marks and actively work in the field seeking different ways to accomplish an aim. Assimilating ( watching and believing – AC/RO ) – The significance of absorbing is absorbing. Absorbing larning penchant is for a concise, logical attack. Their Ideas and constructs are more of import than people. They need a good clear account instead than practical chance. They excel at understanding wide-ranging information and organizing it a clear logical format. They ever prefer to garner thoughts knowledge. Peoples with this manner are more attracted to logically sound theories than attacks based on practical value. They are really of import for effectivity in information and scientific callings. Peoples with this manner prefer readings, talks, researching analytical theoretical accounts, and holding clip to believe things exhaustively. Diverging ( experiencing and watching – CE/RO ) – People with this manner are able to look at things from different positions. They are really sensitive. They prefer to watch instead than make, be givening to garner information and usage imaginativeness to work out any job. They are good at sing concrete state of affairss several different point of views. This is called ‘Diverging ‘ manner because these people perform better, in such state of affairss that require ideas-generation, for illustration, brainstorming. They are interested in people, tend to be inventive and emotional, and be given to be strong in the humanistic disciplines. Peoples with the Diverging manner prefer to work in groups, to listen with an unfastened head and to have personal feedback. Different acquisition manners are appropriate in different phase: Human existences are ever larning. In different age and phase people learn otherwise. When we were in school we learned in one manner but after that our acquisition system has changed. And there are some people who learn faster than the other in his same age and phase. So it differ age, phase, state of affairs. There are some people who learn merely by listening. This called auditory scholar. These people they attend any category ( pupil ) or seminar or meeting any where they learn best by listening. They are really sensitive to outside noise. There are some people who learn from optic. They are called ocular scholar. Basically they learn from assortment of coloring material and image or written information. They like to read instructions and conceive of about any topics or subject. They are besides be more sensitive to ocular distraction. Page-5 There is another larning manner named kinesthetic larning manner in VAK theoretical account. This is really physical learning manner. It is like when person traveling, walking, his/her sense is larning. These scholars learn from assorted motions. When they are on any motion they use to do notes. When they read something they scan it foremost and so they focus on it. So human being, they start larning when they are childs. And that clip they learn from listening and watching. But after a certain period they learn to utilize their encephalon. They learn how to speak how to walk. Then they go to school they start their academic acquisition. Person learn by analyzing, average memorising. Person learn from understanding. Briefly, any pupil, he attend the categories and dressed ore talks and he does non necessitate to analyze more to catch the subject. But on the other manus there is person who needs to analyze more than concentrating the talks. At last when they enter their occupation there is another state of affairs. Person can think what he has to make or non. Person needs to explicate everything point to indicate. But it depends how he learns. My learning manner: I can retrieve something a long clip as I have learned it practical. If I do non understand something I try all my best to larn it. But sometimes I can non. If I can hold a expression practically any theory, I can retrieve or use, Especially Scientific footings. But sometimes when I am analyzing something I do guess and seek to compare with any practical events. I think when I do it ; I can capture it really rapidly. For an illustration when I was analyzing in secondary degree, there were a scientific theory name ‘principle of Archimedes ‘ my instructor tried his all best to do it clear to me but he failed. So he shown me this in research lab how it does work and what was the rule. Still today I can retrieve this theory and I can explicate this. Sometimes I when I am in a new phase, I try to set myself with that state of affairs and comparison with some old state of affairs to happen out the similarities. Sometimes it happens but sometimes my thoughts go incorrect. On the other manus I have seen some people who can think something, they can understand anything immediately. But I can non make the same thing. There is person who can conceive of sing any jobs, subject, or undertaking but I ca n't make the same thing. When I think something I find out some critical thoughts where as some easy thoughts could be the best solution. I ever think something which is that solution what is effectual but non instant solution means this could be use subsequently but it is a possible solution of that job. So I think I have to alter this. Another thing when I learn something from person I ca n't catch everything immediately, when I review that so I can understand that. But I think I am better, when I teach something others. And I am reflector sometimes. It is because when I tech something other chap that clip I try to retrieve my lectors and their manner. Finally, I think I have to develop my thinking power, happen out some possible easy solution. Decision: As acquisition is a uninterrupted and lifetime procedure. So it really of import to holding thoughts about assorted larning manners. And there some people who learn otherwise. And there are some celebrated people, they contribute and presented their thoughts and positions on larning procedure. And nowadays Kolb ‘s manner is popular. Page-6 Methodology: To compose the assignment I used these sites and I followed my lector ‘s talk sheets and our class stuffs. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.informa world.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version.php ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cs.montana.edu/ % 7Eperkinsm/580/Education/index.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //arbeitsblaetter.stangl-taller.at/LERNEN/LernstileKolb.shtml hypertext transfer protocol: //www.businessballs.com/kolblearningstyles.htm

Christianity and Islam: Beyond the Looking Glass Essay

Christianity and Islam are two of the world’s major religions that are often perceived as largely distinct in doctrines and practices. These two, are being regarded to have contradictory principles. But is the disparity of their beliefs truly that big? To have a deeper understanding of both religions, it would be best to consider their followers in the picture. Sad to say, some people equate the Muslims with terrorists. I have personally talked to friends who are afraid to ride a plane with Muslim co-passengers in it. Are these purely misconceptions because we have already established certain schema against the Muslims? Or are there truths in it on which such beliefs originated? If we are to read Suras 2:190-193, 2:216, 4:76, 5:32-36, 7:96-99, 8:12-14, 8:59, 8:65, 9:5, 9:14, 9:23-29, 9:38-41, 9:123, 47:4, 47:35, 61:4 and 66:9, many passages in the Quran exhort Muslims to kill infidels (non-Muslims), wherever they find them (Faithfacts, 2004). Some Arabic terms are only even softened sometimes by English translators who use â€Å"fight† instead of â€Å"kill†. In fact, Osama bin Laden was quoted as saying â€Å"I was ordered to fight the people until they say there is no god but Allah, and his prophet is Muhammad† in the famous videotape discovered in Afghanistan in the late 2001 (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism, 2004). These words echo the language in the Quran itself and such calls to violence are not merely distortions of the Quran by extreme radicals who try to twist it for their violent ends because violence is an integral part of Islam. Even Muhammad himself laid the foundation for violence as seen in his deeds and commands, which are traceable in the hadiths. Furthermore, 11 percent of the pages of the Bukhari Hadiths mention the Holy War (jihad), which is a means to use violence in order to spread faith. However, it must be realized as well that violence is not unique to Islam for even the Bible has its share of violence, particularly in the Old Testament. In fact God instructs the Israelites coming out of Egypt to take over the land Christianity and Islam 2 of Canaan and kill all the inhabitants. There is a difference though between this and the Quranic violence because the Bible makes it clear that the Canaanite society deserved it as it was completely polluted by their wretchedly evil practices, including the horrible practice of child sacrifice as found in Deuteronomy 9:1-6, 12:29-31, 18:9-14, 1 Kings 14:24, Chronicles 33: 1-9, Ezra 9:11 (Faithfacts, 2004). Cases like these are particularly limited for a particular purpose established by God unlike the Quran, where we encounter general commands to kill and destroy the enemies of Islam that are applicable for all times, places and groups. Even then the fact remains that none of these religions are spared from committing violence, which proves that their disparity is not that big at all (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism†, 2004). Another thing to consider is the difference in the practices and teachings of the subject religions’ prophets – Jesus of Christianity and Muhammad of Islam. If the latter has led at least 27 bloody invasions, assassinated many of his opponents during his lifetime and executed hundreds of captured men in his battle against the Quraiza Jews, Jesus’ teachings have remained consistent in maintaining its tone of peace, service, love and humility as found in the biblical passages that could be cited in Mathew 5:1-12, 5:43-44, 9:36, 19:30, 26:50-52, Mark 9:35, Luke 6:27-36, 9:54-55, 10:30-37, 22: 49-51, 23:32-34, John 10:7-18, 13:1-17, Galatians 5:22-23, Philippians 2:6-8, 1 Thessalonian 5:15, and 1 Peter 3:8-9 (The New Testament, 2008). There is nothing like the Christian concept of â€Å"love your enemies† or â€Å"turn your other cheek† (Luke 6:27-37) that can be found in Islam. While Christianity teaches its believers to love their neighbors as themselves (Matthew 19:19), the Quran instructs its followers not to even take Christians or Jews as friends (Suras 3:118, 5:51, 60:1-3). Jesus was even aware of this when he warned, â€Å"the time is coming when anyone who kills you will think he is offering a service to God† as cited in John 16:2-4 (The New Testament, 2008). Another notable point is the difference in both religions’ concept of charity. their followers to give alms to the poor but unlike the biblical concept where charity is not limited to any group (cited in â€Å"Luke† 10:30-37), the Muslims are taught to give alms to the Muslim poor only (cited in â€Å"Islam†, 2008). The two religions also have differences in their concept of justice and forgiveness. In the teachings of the New Testament as cited in Matthew 6:12, 14-15, the act of forgiveness is being given exceptional emphasis, â€Å"For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly father will also forgive you, but if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses†. In the teachings of Islam as cited in Sura 5:38 â€Å"As for the man who steals and the woman who steals, cut of their hands as a punishment for what they have earned, an exemplary punishment from Allah; and Allah is Mighty, Wise†. Muslims do this even to their children if they steal out of hunger. They would not show compassion and feed the child but would instead sever their hands and wrists to drive home the lessons of Allah. Likewise, in the Old Testament as cited in Leviticus 19:11, â€Å"Ye shall not steal, neither deal falsely, neither lie to one another. If we analyze the above teachings, it is evident that both religions consider stealing as evil however, the Christians are more compassionate and subtle in dealing with it since the teachings of Jesus’ wants his followers to be forgiving. Another interesting difference is on how the two religions treat women and marriage. In Islam, a man can have up to four wives at the same time (Sura 4:3) and has the right to beat his disobedient wife until she obeys (Sura 4:34, Bukhari 8:68). Even Muhammad himself had thirteen wives, two concubines, and four women of uncertain relationships. (cited in â€Å"Fundamentalism†, 2004). In the teachings of Christianity, Jesus insisted on the sanctity of marriage (Mark 10:5-12), thus, in the Christian’s current practice, a couple has to undergo the process of divorce before they are allowed to remarry legally. Christianity also condones the abuse of women. The Christian teachings consider the fairness of men and women Christianity and Islam 4 (Matthew 5:32, 1 Corinthians 11:11-12, Galatians 3:28, Ephesians 5:25-33) unlike that of Islam, which does not give the wife the right to divorce her husband (Sura 2: 228). Islam even teaches that majority of the people in hell are women (Bukhari 1:28, 1:301, and 2:161). Christianity and Islam also differ in the way they consider the nature of God. While the former teaches that God is a Trinity – one God revealed in three persons or manifestations, Islam denies vehemently the doctrine and even considers it as blasphemy (Suras 4:171, 5:17, 5:72-75). However, it is interesting to note that Islam has a high regard of Jesus. What it denies is his divinity, and that he is the Son of God (Suras 9:30, 10:68, 19:35, 43:81-83). Another difference is that the God of the Bible is holy – perfect in all respects: moral, just, faithful, loving, all-knowing etc. (Hebrews 7:26), while the God of Quran does not always come as holy. He changes his mind, promises and does not offer assurance of salvation (Suras 4:116, 5:18, 9:15). In other words, he is arbitrary (cited in â€Å"Faitfacts†, 2004). Both religions also vary in their concept of salvation and heaven. Christianity teaches us that man cannot earn salvation. We need a savior to save us from sin thus, he sent Jesus, his only begotten son. As it says in the Bible â€Å"All of us have become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags. † (Isaiah 64: 5-7) â€Å"But God demonstrated his love for us in this: while we were still sinners,Christ died for us. † (Romans 5:8). This belief is totally denied by Islam, even Jesus’ crucifixion (Sura 4:157). On the concept of heaven, the Muslim considers the paradise as a carnal and sensual place, where gorgeous palaces are found and wine are abundant. Christians, on the other hand see it as a place of bliss, where pain, and tears will be gone and men, women, and children will be treated equally. In the previous discussions, we have already noted several differences on the two religions, which in some instances also meet each other. However, we must also note that they are not just different. If we are to take a look at the beliefs of Christians and Muslims, we can see Christianity and Islam 5 that they have some commonalities. Both religions agree in some aspects: that there is one God who created the universe and is sovereign in the lives of men; God is the source of justice and morality; that his ultimate justice is dispensed via life after death in heaven and hell, and that things like pornography and unchaste living are pollutants to the society (cited in â€Å"faithfacts†, 2008). In other words, both religions believed in a supreme being, whether God or Allah. There is also an agreement that he is the creator of all things. Their teachings both acknowledge that there is good and evil, where the former is rewarded and the latter is punished. The forms of reward though, and punishment vary in both religions. Both also emphasizes that following the teachings would let the person experience heaven when he dies. It is clear that Christianity and Islam are not that different at all, neither is Islam an evil belief. The latter may have emphasized the role of violence in its teachings, but it still depends on how such is being interpreted and carried out. They might differ in many ways: nature of God; concept of justice; forgiveness and more, but we still could not discount the fact that both are religions with followers that are humans, Christians and Muslims, no matter what doctrines they follow, also need respect. They may not necessarily agree with each other but there is still a point of agreement as exemplified by their similarities. The issue is therefore, not a question of which belief is right a wrong, nor is it about superiority or inferiority. What matters most is that we are guided by our beliefs and in doing this, we do not do actions that would harm the other. References Daniel, Abu Yusuf. , Isma’il Kaka, Abu Maryam. , & Squires Robert, Abu Iman. (n. d). Misconceptions about Islam. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http://www.geocities.com/window2islam/miscon.html

The Personal Use As Teachers Education Essay

In the personal usage as instructors, we will be researching the Howard Gardner theory and the differences usages it can hold and its importance in kids ‘s acquisition procedure. In this undertaking you can see the definition and information of The Multiple Intelligences Theory of Howard Gardner and the impact it has in the learning procedure of the pupils in the schoolroom. This research undertaking will besides concentrate in how this theory aims to spread out and do the acquisition procedure of the pupil wider and easier, learning the pupil the stuff piece at the same clip doing usage of his abilities and accomplishments to do this procedure faster and efficient. This theory explains that in the schoolroom we will happen, as future pedagogues, a diverseness of pupils with different types of intelligences and abilities that will impact the manner they learn and get cognition. This theory helps each pupil have the same chance to develop their intelligences. This theory can be applied by the instructor in the schoolroom in different ways. For illustration: by cognizing that each pupil learns in different ways, the instructor can integrate what he is learning with each pupil intelligences ; for illustration, allow ‘s state in the Spanish category the instructor have to discourse a narrative, than if some pupils are good at larning through music, he can unite singing with the narrative narrative, or if the pupil is good at logic, he can give them logical exercisings including narrative elements. We hope you enjoy this research undertaking every bit much as we did! Approach Theory This theory state us about the difference intelligence people posses, the public-service corporation and importance it has in the schoolroom and pupil larning procedure. The theory of the Multiple Intelligence that Howard Gardner proposes, is about how each individual learn in different manner by including the intelligence they posses with what they are been taught. There are eight different intelligences that had been officially identify and recognized, these are: lingual ( â€Å" word smart † ) , logical-mathematical ( â€Å" number/reasoning smart † ) , spacial ( â€Å" image smart † ) , bodily-kinesthetic ( â€Å" organic structure smart † ) , musical ( â€Å" music smart † ) , interpersonal ( â€Å" people smart † ) , intrapersonal ( â€Å" self smart † ) , naturalist ( â€Å" nature smart † ) . In other words we can state multiple Intelligences are eight different ways to show rational ability. The theory of multiple intelligences proposes a major transmutation in the manner our schools are run. It suggests that instructors be trained to show their lessons in a broad assortment of ways utilizing music, concerted acquisition, art activities, function drama, multimedia, field trips, interior contemplation, and much more. The theory of multiple intelligences has strong deductions for grownup acquisition and development. Many grownups find themselves in occupations that do non do optimum usage of their most extremely developed intelligences ( for illustration, the extremely bodily-kinesthetic person who is stuck in a lingual or logical desk-job when he or she would be much happier in a occupation where they could travel about, The theory of multiple intelligences gives grownups a whole new manner to look at their lives, analyzing potencies that they left buttocks in their childhood. Here are the different intelligences, a brief description and the accomplishments each of them: AAThe pupils with the visual/spatial intelligence have the ability to comprehend the ocular. These scholars tend to believe in images and need to make graphic mental images to retain information. They enjoy looking at maps, charts, images, pictures, and films. The accomplishments they have ( which instructors should hold in head when learning them ) are: mystifier edifice, reading, composing, understanding charts and graphs, and many more. Students with the verbal/linguistic intelligence have abilities that include the usage of words and linguistic communication. These scholars have extremely developed auditory accomplishments and are by and large elegant talkers. They think in words instead than images. Their accomplishments include: hearing, speech production, composing, narrative relation, explicating, instruction, utilizing wit, etc.A Peoples with the logical/mathematical intelligence have the ability to utilize ground, logic and Numberss. These scholars think conceptually in logical and numerical forms doing connexions between pieces of information. Always funny about the universe around them, these learner ask tonss of inquiries and like to make experiments. Their accomplishments include: job resolution, sorting and categorising information, working with abstract constructs to calculate out the relationship of each to the other, etc. Learners with the bodily/kinesthetic intelligence have the ability to command organic structure motions and handle objects skilfully. These scholars express themselves through motion. They have a good sense of balance and eye-hand co-ordination. ( e.g. ball drama, equilibrating beams ) . Through interacting with the infinite around them, they are able to retrieve and treat information. Their accomplishments include: dance, physical co-ordination, athleticss, custodies on experimentation, utilizing organic structure linguistic communication, trades, moving, miming, utilizing their custodies to make or construct, showing emotions through the organic structure. Students with the musical/rhythmic intelligence have the ability to bring forth and appreciate music. These musically inclined scholars think in sounds, beat and forms. They instantly respond to music either appreciating or knocking what they hear. Many of these scholars are highly sensitive to environmental sounds ( e.g. crickets, bells, dripping lights-outs ) . Their accomplishments include: vocalizing, whistling, playing musical instruments, acknowledging tonic forms, composing music, retrieving tunes, understanding the construction and beat of music. Those who possess the interpersonal intelligence have the ability to associate and understand others. These scholars try to see things from other people ‘s point of position in order to understand how they think and feel. Their accomplishments include: seeing things from other positions ( dual-perspective ) , listening, utilizing empathy, understanding other people ‘s tempers and feelings, reding, co-operating with groups, detecting people ‘s tempers, A and many more. Having the intrapersonal intelligence will give you the ability to self-reflect and be cognizant of one ‘s interior province of being. These scholars try to understand their interior feelings, dreams, relationships with others, and strengths and failings. Their accomplishments include: Acknowledging their ain strengths and failings, reflecting and analysing themselves, consciousness of their interior feelings, desires and dreams, measuring their thought forms, concluding with themselves, understanding their function in relationship to others. The pupils with the realistic smart being able to touch, experience, keep, and seek practical hands-on experiences, but by and large out-of-doorss within the environment, nature and animate beings. Being Naturalistic agencies you are really interested and funny of your surroundings.A These scholars enjoy playing out and traveling on trips to larn about the environment and the animate beings. And likely maintain or like pets, and dislike pollution and people that litter. Their accomplishments include: May be really interested in species, or in the environment and the Earth, may hold a strong affinity to the outside universe or to animate beings, they may bask topics like biological science, vegetation, geology, weather forecasting, astronomy fauna, or palaeontology. Design ( Classroom usage )AThe instructor ( utilizing wholly this theory ) aims to learn the assigned stuff in a different manner for each group of pupils that posses the same intelligence. For this, the instructor has to place by giving a trials to the pupils, how many of them belong to a peculiar intelligence group. Once all the pupils intelligence had been identify they are divided and grouped together merely with the pupils they portion the same intelligence. The pupils that possess the lingual intelligence acquire together in a side of the schoolroom, while the pupils with the musical intelligence acquire together in a different side, same applies to every other intelligence. After all the pupils are in groups with the pupils that posses the same intelligence as them, the instructor will learn the exact same category stuff to each group but otherwise to each of them. If the instructor is learning about animate beings who eat merely veggies, the group of pupils possessing the lin gual intelligence can read about it, the group of pupils possessing the logical-mathematical intelligence could utilize mathematical expressions to show it, pupils with the visual-spatial intelligence can analyze a in writing chart that illustrates the rule ; like this illustrations, the remainder of the groups will larn and be taught the same stuff but in a different manner. By learning to a pupil ‘s intelligences and by leting them to show themselves utilizing their preferable intelligences the full schoolroom can be enriched. Students will research the Multiple Intelligences theories and larn to plan lesson programs that appeal to assorted intelligences. But, apart of separately utilizing a different method for each pupils, another signifier of utilizing the Multiple Intelligences Theory would be for all the pupils, no affair which intelligence they are portion of, to be taught with every other intelligence method, this will affect everyone in the schoolroom into a better acquisition experience in my sentiment and I think is really the one most instructors use now yearss. For illustration: Teachers should construction the presentation of stuff in a manner which engages most or all of the intelligences. For illustration, when learning about the radical war, a instructor can demo pupils conflict maps, play radical war vocals, form a function drama of the sign language of the Declaration of Independence, and have the pupils read a novel about life during that period. This sort of presentation non merely excites pupils about acquisition, but it besides allows a instructor to reenforce the same stuff in a assortment of ways. By triping a broad mixture of intelligences, learning in this mode can ease a deeper apprehension of the capable stuff. When sing multiple intelligences in the schoolroom, a instructor should avoid the impulse to label kids as holding merely one such type. Many kids will hold strengths and failings in more than one of these countries. All kids in the schoolroom should be encouraged to seek new things and research every construct through a broad assortment of experiences. Showing stuff in assorted ways allows instructors to make more pupils, potentially extinguishing the defeat when some merely do n't look to â€Å" acquire it. † The benefits of integrating the Multiple Intelligences Theory in the schoolroom would be: Provide reliable experiences for pupils based on single demands. Longer storage of memory because activities are meaningful and connect to personal experiences. Activities/performances may increase parent engagement in the schoolroom and school. Students able to show and portion strength. Students to derive self assurance because they are demoing off their country of strength. Decision Once we finish our Research Paper Project we notice that there exists some theory elements form the Multiple Intelligence Theory that we did n't know.A When we began our research, we found some different information. In some resources at that place appear seven intelligences but in others appear eight.A Finally we can reason that there are eight different types of intelligences. Thankss to this research we learn about diverse and different instruction techniques and schemes that the instructor may utilize in the classroom.A We like being working and look intoing because we had learn different techniques that we can utilize to affect our pupils in class.A This theory is really utile for teachers.A We think that every instructor should incorporate this theory in their categories in order to introduce and make interesting categories for their pupils.

6 Rules of Authoritative Leaders

6 Rules of Authoritative Leaders Authoritative Leaders are really good at setting the vision and painting an appealing picture of where we are going. The authoritative leader will not tell you how to get there, but will be inspiring you to follow. So he or she will say ‘Come with me’, ‘Look at where we are going’. When we catch someone we don’t tell them what to do, but we help people to find their own answers. A coaching style is really good to help the individual to unlock their potential. Some of the questions that we may ask in a coaching style is ‘What are you trying to achieve?’, ‘How can you get there?’. Democratic means that we share the problem space and in that sense a democratic leader will almost take a step back and denounce their leadership roles. They will ask people what they feel is the right thing to do. It has been proven that decision making by consensus is not most effective way of finding a good decision. Affiliative style is all about the harmony. It’s a very heart based style. People come first. If you are working with a team that feels a bit unsettled. Maybe, because two organizations have merged or something has happened. In that case people may not be ready to focus on the job because they are too much in the emotional part of the brain. In that case affiliative style can be really effective. As a pace setter I set a standard. ‘I will show how the job is to be done’. so I am not afraid of getting in there and really working with my team to show them how it must be done. In a long run that can be quite an exhausting style because I am here as a leader. I do it and I expect you to follow it. This is the old fashioned. Command and control management style where ‘It is my way’ or ‘No way’ or ‘You do as I tell you’. Coercive style, as you can probably imagine is not very effective in the long run because it doesn’t leave a lot of room for an individual to perform well and its not very empowering. But there is a time and place where it is appropriate. For example: In a crisis situation when a building is burning, I give you the direction to get out but we shouldn’t abuse this style because we think there is always crisis going on.