Daddy’s gunna get you!

In Drama we made up a play about a girl Jo who becomes possessed by her friends late father, we got the idea from a story that Miss Risk read out to the class, the story was like a mystery story and contained clues to why this person called Jo was found at the waste ground, the clues where little like, her posters were torn off the walls and her mirror was smashed into pieces in which her mother saw and followed to find the girl at the site, we made sure we used the clues in our play as well as other ideas that we came up with such as, my friend Charlotte came up with the idea of using a ouiga board for the possession and another friend that I worked with called Nina came up with the idea of the destroyed, haunted house were the wasteland currently is. We all came up with many ideas, some which we could not use because we found them hard to do or they became confusing to the audience, one of these ideas was that we inserted flash backs and forwards, as if the audience was seeing what the girl went through to see where she is now but we got confused doing it so we figured if we were confused and we knew what was going on in the play, we realised that an audience who had never even seen the play before would have no idea what was going on so we had to cut those scenes out. In my play I worked in a small group, which consisted only of four people, those people were: Nina Elliott Charlotte Ireland Zoe Hammett And of course myself, the parts we played were significant and individual to the actress and character in the play. Charlotte played the part of Jo's friend, Sophia; she is a shy girl she dresses very girly and acts sweet and innocent, Sophia is really a very nice girl she has just been bought into the wrong crowd of people. She lives with her Mum and her Step-Dad near Jo's house. Sophia and her Mum have recently been falling out over the fact that Sophia wants to know her real father, her mother is too scared to tell her because Sophia might find out the secret of what really happened and she doesn't know how her new husband (Sophia's Step-Dad) will react, Sophia only wants to know a few things about him, she doesn't see the problem she just wants too know, What he looked like, his name and most importantly weather or not he is still alive, She is a very curious character and is quite easily pushed into things, Sophia is almost a complete opposite of My character. The character I play is Jo, a girl with a few problems (although she doesn't like to admit it) She dresses in a gothic style and doesn't care what people think or say about her, she doesn't care about other peoples feelings just as long as she gets what she wants and she would never do anything for anyone else if she doesn't see what she can get out of it. She is definitely a character that most people would call a bully. The people she hangs around with are outcasts like herself, they have been disowned by their old friends because things like the way they look, act or their insecurity problems, all they really have friend wise now is each other. Although Jo tries to hide it she really loves the super natural but because of her gothic style she hides her emotions (Well except her sarcasm) My friend Nina played the part of Lavender another of Jo's out-casted friends; she is more ‘down to earth' and mellow, she dresses like a hippy but also like Jo loves the super natural but unlike Jo she does hide it; she studies it, she studies a lot of what she is into and is dying to know what has been covered up in the small village they live in (if anything at all) Lavender is the one who brings the ouiga board to school and catches Jo's attention with it. Lavenders mother doesn't mind at all about her looking and studing things like that as long as she doesn't try them inside the house that is what brings it all to Jo's house because no way would Sophia even touch the thing let alone let it into the house and that is one thing she was not going to be pushed into. Zoe played the part of police woman and the mother to all three girls, she didn't want a main part and we did not give her one because she is away a lot of the time from lessons which is the only time we would get to rehearse it. I choose the people I did to work with because I know them well and they are my friends, I knew they would have very good ideas to contribute to the play and I know how very talented they are at acting I knew that whatever the part maybe that they would be capable of reaching out and helping me construct the play from every tiniest detail of reactions and facial expressions, the people I choose to work with encouraged me and each other when we need help, we helped with constructive criticism and by being not only actresses but directors as well. The play was about a young girl named Jo who was found at the wasteland near her home, we made up a play showing how she got to that stage and what happened afterwards, In the first scene Jo's friend Sophia is arguing with her mother about the whereabouts of her real father, when the scene changes to school we see the first appearance of Jo and her friend Lavender, Lavender is reading a book and Jo is looking impatient, they talk about the whereabouts of Sophia until she turns up at which the subject is changed to ouiga boards and they all end up agreeing to meet up at 6 at Jo's house. Then comes another scene between Sophia and her mother, her mother is about to tell her something but then her Step-Dad walks in the house and her mother stops. The scene changes to Jo's room where they attempt the ouiga board only to conjure up a spirit which possess Jo to tear all her posters down smash her mirror and write on the wall in her own blood she then stumbles to the waste ground where the taunting screams of ghosts make her faint. The scene at school Jo comes in late her friends are scared of her by the way she acted and ask her why her mum let her to school where she explains she blamed it on them, Sophia refuses to use the board again while as Lavender is pushed into it, Lavender then goes on to ask her mother about what happened to her friend, her mum tells her that her friend has been possessed and Sophia mother finally tells her of her father, his name, his looks and the fact that he is no longer alive. Lavender and Jo are about to use the ouiga board again when Sophia walks in, the spirit in Jo awakens again and everyone figures out that the spirit is Sophia's Father, Sophia shoots Jo in the arm causing her to collapse in pain, there is then scenes of the after effects. The scene where Jo is put into the â€Å"special care† unit the police take Sophia away, Lavender is put under a protection unit where she is given a new name address and identity, and then as a last scene they show Sophia what she has meant to have done to her friend where Jo is talking to herself and going crazy locked up in a padded cell. My character is quite lazy and doesn't seem bothered by those around her, she slumps in her chair in the 1sst scene and in the second scene you see her she's sitting on her bed grumpily, the expressions show that she tries to maintain a high authority, the voice and accent she speaks in is quite nasty but isn't really an accent there and if there is id have to say it is a London accent. The way my character moves, when u do see her walking you can tell that she doesn't really like what she is doing and she shuffles her feet, she is not a very active person and remains in a grumpy, sad mood through out the whole play except when she is possessed when she becomes psycho and angry and her expressions tell the other people in the play that she doesn't like them and she gives them evils. As time went on while I was practising my piece I came more familiar with my character, I found out that the more she looked like she didn't worry about anything the more she seemed it and the more she acted it, people commented that when I was in my part and dressed up as my character I seemed like I was actually gothic and the way I acted was as if a real gothic person would act and that the comments I made where really sarcastic, In my final performance we performed it quite well but not as well as it could have been, we made some changes at the end to try and make it better but it ended up because we didn't have enough time to practise this part, it all went wrong. What we tried doing was too add a music scene at the end with all the end consequences mimed and only turning the music down at one point to hear what the police officers are saying to Lavender. The idea of our piece at first to me was to pass a drama exam but as time went on I realised that our play could be actually passing on a message to the audience, the message to me that was being passed onto the audience was that things are not always easy and that people need to work things out and that playing with ouiga boards is not a game but is a serious business that can have very serious effects. I think my character displayed an attitude of soloism amongst her friends I think the audience realised that she gained the respect and that all the events seemed to revolve around her house and that it was her friends that she dragged into it and that if it wasn't for her none of the events would have happened. Overall I was happy with the play that we performed, I felt my character role was important to the piece and I felt that I played this role well, my friends in my group encouraged me when I needed it and gave me constructive criticism when I needed it, I felt like I have learnt a lot about how bad life can get from this play, I have learnt that even though peoples lives might look cheerful inside they might be hurting more then anyone else. I have also learnt more dramatic skills and feel that these will help me in the future for when I perform other roles. I have learnt that in a play the characters mood at the beginning is how the audience interprets them through out the entire play. I am really happy with the play e have produced and hope that my future performances will be just as good or better.

World of Jugs

In North Korea citizens protested against the country authoritarian regime because over the weekend the regime seized most of the country citizens' money via a new currency issue. This caused much violence In North Korea. The Wall Street Journal reported that that the regimes money grab could be the single most Important event In defining North Korea. This event Is more defining and more Important than North Koreans whole grabbing nuclear weapons program thatNorth Korea uses for International Influence. This Issue not only raised protests In multiple Korean cities but also caused reason for the North Korean government to raise patrols on Its border with China. An Investment analyst name Mr.. Cochran said, â€Å"The biggest risk for the North's government is if, after taking people's money, it can't deliver goods and services the way the unofficial market could. † The regime would be most damaged if its people learned it could not control the real price of goods.This whole new currency issue struck many acts of violence including the death of two North Korean men by the hands of police officers. The two men attempted to get the government's limits by dividing their money among a large group of people and urging them to exchange the money for them. Another incident occurred when multiple women working in the goods and produce markets of some towns openly cursed the government knowing they would be arrested for such actions. This issue is viewed as a defining moment for North Korea.

Chaucer’s Use of “Tender” in Troilus and Criseyde

Chaucer’s Use of â€Å"Tender† in Troilus and Criseyde Chaucer is known for his talent at pushing his readers to step outside their preconceived notions regarding genre, characters, and themes. In addition to this, Chaucer uses words with double meanings to create ambiguity and depth throughout his works. Troilus and Criseyde is no different in this respect. Throughout Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer uses the word tendre several times, using its various meanings to make the reader question the intentions of the characters. According to the Middle English Dictionary, the adjective form of tendre has seven different meanings in medieval texts. Chaucer employs all but two of those meanings in Troilus and Criseyde. The meanings that Chaucer employs are as follows: Immature, young; unsophisticated, innocent, naÃÆ' ¯ve; also unblemished, spotless; Physically sensitive, esp. to pain; susceptible to injury, vulnerable;easily injured, fragile; Of a plant, part of a plant: fresh, new-grown; not hardy, delicate; Physically weak; debilitated, enfeebled, morally week, unable to resist temptation; also impressionable; Sorrowful, heartfelt; piteous, painful, touching; (b) easily moved; of the heart: compassionate, sympathetic (207-209). Chaucer uses the adjective form of tendre five times in Troilus and Criseyde, and employs its various meanings throughout the text. Pandarus is the first to use the word in Book II: his stream of thought during a discussion with Criseyde includes the word. He thinks, If I my tale endite/Aught harde, or make a proces any whyle,/ She shal no savour have therin but lite,/ And trowe I wolde hire in my wil bigyle;/For tender wittes wenen al be wyle/ Theras thei kan nought pleynly understonde; Forthi hire wit to serven wol I fonde (267-273). Here, it seems that Chaucer wants the reader to see the word tendre as meaning naÃÆ' ¯ve, since Pandaruss quote seems to indicate that she is too simple-minded to understand some things. However, this quote is one instance in the text where Chaucer relies on the multiple meanings of the word to create depth. It is important to remember that tender can also mean impressionable, as seen in the fourth definition (above). Because it is Pandarus, who co ntinually pressures Criseyde into action towards Troilus, who uses the word, it seems likely that Chaucer intends the term to be taken both ways. Additional ambiguity surrounding this particular use of the word is that tender in the sense of naivete also indicates youth and innocence (as seen in the first definition listed above). Chaucer wants the reader to consider Criseyde in relation to both of these terms. She is a widow, but is she is also young. She is the woman who cheats on Troilus and breaks his heart, but she is also innocent. Chaucer uses an ambiguous term to make the reader examine Criseydes character more closely. Pandarus also uses the word in Book III, during a discussion with Criseyde. Criseyde wants him to give Troilus a ring on her behalf, to which Pandarus replies, This [man] is so gentil and so tendre of herte/ That with his doeth he wol his sorwes wreke (904-905). The reader can interpret this word according to both the second and fifth meanings listed above. Describing Troilus as tenderhearted suggests that he is vulnerable, sorrowful, or painful (207-209). However, because it is Pandarus (who also pressures Troilus into action throughout the text) who speaks the phrase, Chaucer intends the reader to see the double meaning of the word and think of Troilus as impressionable, as well. The next two uses of the word tender are fairly straightforward, and do not rely on multiple meanings. Criseyde uses the term when she cries to herself upon realizing that she will be exchanged for Antenor. She asks, How shal youre tendre herte this sustene? (795). Here, the word is interpreted as meaning vulnerable. The fourth use of the word occurs in the opening of Book V: the narrator uses it in relation to a plant, saying, and Zepherus as ofte/ Ibrought ayeyn the tendre leves grene (10-11). The fifth and final use of the word occurs in Book V, during the narrators description of Crisyede: Tendre-hearted, slydynge of corage;/ But trewely, I kan nat telle hire age (825-826). Here, Chaucer again plays off the various meanings of tendre, using it to signify both naÃÆ' ¯vete and compassion. However, because he follows the phrase with a reference to her age, he wants the reader to note that the term can also indicate youth. Chaucer uses the multiple meanings of the word tendre throughout Troilus and Criseyde to add depth to the characters. Though sometimes he intends the word to be interpreted in a straightforward fashion, in at least three instances he urges the reader to take into account the varying meanings of the word. The medieval definitions of the terms as naÃÆ' ¯ve, young, sensitive, fresh in relation to plants, and sorrowful offer insight into Chaucers style and intentions.

Planning, assessment and evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Planning, assessment and evaluation - Essay Example The course unit may be done on the lines of a teacher-structured unit or on teacher/student collaborative planning. The model units that prepared here are teacher-structured units. Lesson planning follows from the unit planning process. During unit planning, activities are selected, analyzed, and modified. An initial sequence of lessons is outlined. In essence, lesson planning involves an enhancement of the unit plan to make the day-to-day activities of the class flow more smoothly and produce maximum success. It is necessary to read the Unit overview and the Concept of development sections. Develop an idea about the nature and scope of the unit, and how it fits into the Level. It should be determined that how the unit focus relates to other subjects and how joint learning opportunities may be used to enhance students' experiences. Before moving further create an outline or a web that summarizes the unit. It should show the major concepts to be considered during the unit as well as associated sub concepts and links to other areas of study. In light of what you understand about the unit and the nature of the students in the class, choose learning objectives that you feel are appropriate. Following steps should be considered for teacher-student planning. A lesson plan is a comprehensive and pre... Identifying and sequencing activities. Lesson Plan A lesson plan is a comprehensive and predetermined schedule of every activity of teacher in classroom for achieving optimal results. A lesson plan can be of many forms and types. It usually depends on time span, style of educator and type of subject to be taught. But the basic and main objective of any type of lesson plan is to provide teacher a pre-planned line of action for presenting materials and interacting with learners. The lesson plan should not be merely an action plan but it should provide a useful link between objectives of curriculum and material to be taught. It is important to keep in mind the learning objectives before planning a lesson. Unit & Lesson Plan for English Topic Verb Usage: Tense and Conjugation Objectives: By the end of this lesson the student will be able to: 1. Identify different tenses of verbs - present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect and future perfect. 2. Use the correct verb tense in a given sentence. 3. Conjugate regular verbs into first, second, or third person tenses. Outline: In many achievement tests, there is an entire section of the test devoted to verb tense. Use the following little "trick" to determine which verb tense is the correct one to use in each tense. For present tense, use this sentence, putting your verb in the blank: I ____________ today. For past tense, use this sentence, putting the same verb in the blank: I _____________ yesterday. For future tense, add will plus your verb: I will ____________ tomorrow. For present perfect, add have plus the past participle: I have _____________ many times before. For past perfect, add had plus the past participle: I

Ehret.Marcia and Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ehret.Marcia and Creation - Essay Example There could be two major audiences. First, we are told that God used the pronoun ‘us’ in saying â€Å"Let us create man in our own image†. The first audience therefore were the supposedly accomplishes (Angels and Jesus) with whom God created the universe and humankind. The second audience however is the people ‘They’ were creating. It was to be a living legacy to enable humankind know his roots and origin. There are 2 accts of creation in Genesis because there were two classes of creatures (Breeden, 2011). First, the universe and secondly humankind. God grouped His creation into these groups and the latter was to have dominion over the former. It is for the reason of such groupings that there are different accounts. Breeden T. ‘Two Different Creation Accounts in Genesis 1 & 2? Or Two Complementary  Accounts?’ http://siriusknotts.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/two-different-creation-accounts-in-genesis-1-2-or-two-complementary-accounts/ . 2011. Web. July 4,

Describe and discuss the concept of the various theories of strategic Essay

Describe and discuss the concept of the various theories of strategic management and how information systems can be utilised to - Essay Example In this scenario, information technology provides a lot of tools that can help organizations implement strategic management effectively. Information system is a very useful tool which is currently used by the organizations to implement business strategies. This paper will discuss the concept of strategic management in detail. This paper will discuss how information systems can be useful for the organizations in achieving strategic advantage. This paper will also outline some challenges which are faced by the organizations while using information systems. Strategic management: A detailed overview Strategic  management  refers to a business methodology that is useful for the utilization in order to make the most competent use of available assets and resources in the process of operating some organization. However, the basic idea behind any  strategic management process  is to assess the existing status of the operation and all of its individual components, we must identify whet her those components are being utilized in such a way to attain maximal outcome, and to expand and implement the required changes when and as necessary. In addition, if organizations successfully utilize this approach, it can help them improve the overall performance of the business; we have to move the business nearer towards reaching its declared goals. However, we should keep the expenditure of raw materials, supplies and other related resources in stability with the returns that are generated by the business efforts (Tatum, 2010). The idea of strategic  management  is not only used by the large companies. Even a small business that encompasses no more than one or two persons can use this decision-making technique to get advantage from the basics of this methodology. Whereas, the exact nature related to these processes and tasks necessary for the operations will be quite different between a mom-and-pop seller and a corporation which is considered as multi-national. However, t he common idea behind this  managing  process will still be uses and considered as valid. When we apply these principals to the real-life conditions of the business, it is often likely to maximize the use of existing resources, reduce waste in the place of work, and eventually have a positive outcome on the bottom line of some organization (Tatum, 2010; Pollard & Hotho, 2006). In simple words, the term strategic management refers to a process by which a group of people or organization can examine the fact where they are at present, and also in addition they can think about where they want to be in the near future perspective and how they can create the visual ability and reality as when to reach where they want to reach in the coming future (Sulaiman, 2010). How Organizations use Strategic Management For achieving a competitive benefit position and also enhancing the organizational performance as compared to their competitors are the

Final Project For Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Project For Marketing - Essay Example It is of utmost importance to "know" the product that one wishes to sell (Marketing Yourself Assignment, pg 4) so that an effective and clear image of it can be shown easily to the potential employers and buyers. In this case, the product that is up for sale to the market is myself. How to demonstrate that I know myself as a product means that I must carry out an introspective and reflective analysis of my own capabilities and skills, and come to recognize what it is about me as product that will encourage or discourage potential employers to purchase me. The best way to delineate these positives and negatives about myself as a product is to make use of the SWOT analysis. The acronym SWOT stands for strength, weakness, opportunity and threat (Renault & Schultz, n.p); a major use of this tool is to expose the positive aspects of an organization and "potential problems" (Renault & Schultz, n.p). ... In terms of my educational strengths, I have completed my education up to an undergraduate level, and I have excelled in many extracurricular activities. Moving onto my weaknesses as a product, at times I can be inflexible about changing the course of project, I often try to establish myself in the most authoritative position in any business venture, and lastly I do not have a significant amount of work experience. Using the SWOT analysis like this will allow me the opportunity to brainstorm and ponder on what I am as a product and where I can go with my strengths and weaknesses (Renault & Schultz, n.p). Moving onto objectives, it is important to state what my purpose as a product is to achieve. As stated earlier, my aim as a product is to be part of an advertisement agency. Once I have stated my aim, I have to uncover what my target market is. Khan mentions that the target market is that part of the market that a company will provide services to (Khan, pg 60). There are two factors that should be considered when carrying out market targeting; the attractiveness of the market segment, and the "capability" of the company itself (Khan, pg 60). This means that I will have to supply my services to that part of the market that seems most attractive to me in terms of entry barriers, possibility of high growth rate, price sensitivity and size of that part, and so on, and in accordance with my current brand image and technological capabilities (Khan, pg 61). Once I have completed my market targeting, I have to advance to positioning; Khan defines this as the " art of creating the mental shelf space, which your company and its

Advisory role of the Supreme Court of Canada - Patriation reference Essay

Advisory role of the Supreme Court of Canada - Patriation reference and Quebec Veto Reference - Essay Example of reference question under Section 53 of the Supreme Court Act was addressed under the ‘Reference re Secession of Quebec’, where the Supreme Court held the legality of the reference questions referred to the Supreme Court for an advisory opinion2. Thus, in consideration of both the Patriation reference and Quebec Veto Reference, this discussion seeks to argue for the application of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada, in the determination of important legal questions of national importance. While arguing for the application of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court, the discussion will first seek to demystify the assumption that there exists a correct and certain answer to any reference question that is raised through this mechanism. In doing so, the discussion will therefore find the application of the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada, as provided under Section 53 as essential. The provisions of Section 53 of the Supreme Court Act allows for the government to seek an advisory opinion regarding questions deemed important for the nation, and which may have an important legal bearing on the country3. The ruling given by the Supreme Court during the answer to the reference question also takes the form of a judicial ruling. However, the most important aspect of the application of the mechanism of the advisory opinion as a means of determining a legal question is that, the decision offered is simply in form of an advice, as opposed to a legally binding decision of the court4. In this respect, the parties interested in the reference question can therefore take further legal courses of action, to determine the fate of the legal issue, since the parties are at liberty to agree or to disagree with the advisory opinion granted in the ruling5. Thus, considering that no party is bound by the decision issued during an advisory opinion ruling, it is therefore important that the advisory mechanism of the Supreme Court of Canada is

Maritime Externalities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime Externalities - Essay Example This problem of disposal and dumping of radioactive waste and its adverse effects on our ecology has gained considerable attention in recent years. Marine pollution not only effects and pollutes the environment and beaches, it upholds toxic effects for the marine divers, ecologists and marine wild life. It is true that more than 70% of land is water and how awful is the situation in which the marine pollution rate which is caused by ships and cruises is increasing. This rapid increase is harmful for us in dual ways. On one hand it pollutes the sea and marine life, thereby affecting our health indirectly as the same sea food is consumed by us, on the other hand we are directly affected by the marine wastes and polluted environment caused by sea transport. Offshore Externality: Another negative externality is to the fishing industry, which according to research is affected to an extent that there has been a concern about the impact of 'seismic detonations', which means that on a local scale, eggs and larvae are killed and fish are scared off (Vidas, 2000, p. 132). The onus has been on the shoulders of Norway and Russia, both of which are engaged in drilling offshore petroleum in the Barents Sea, whose part has been explored as an important spawning and growth area for the Arctic cod stock, supplying one of the most valuable commercial fisheries in the world. Any accident involving large scale oil spills would end up in severe environmental effects resulting from sea transport. Of course one cannot predict the probability of such accident but it is presumed to occur at higher temperate zones. Also the regional differences in shipping equipment standards and maritime industrial safety levels indicate that the risk is particularly high i n the Russian part of the Barents Sea. Should an accident occur marine life would suffer utmost from the climate and weather conditions. Pollution: The marine externalities are almost common to every country and state, therefore the law is international which suggests that marine environment in context with the rules on pollution from ships are essentially uniform and international at the global level. For example legal implications require that dumping at sea should be followed by a minimum standard on a global platform, but have been supplemented and strengthened by a number of regional agreements or by national legislation. Despite having same rules to be followed everywhere which is based on airborne sources of marine pollution no efforts have been made at the regional, sub-regional or national level to deal with this problem globally. No significance has been given to the environmental impact assessment which results from the basis of marine pollution. Not even legal monitoring of pollution is observed. What has been done so far in order to regulate marine environment is the regulation of International ship-sourced marine pollution which has acquired at least some attention since the 1950s. In this current era where 70% of our seas are polluted, the marine pollution regulation is still following the 1954 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil. Though the Convention has been designed to combat maritime pollution by prohibiting and limiting the discharge of harmful substances or effluents from ships, but still unimplemented. Being globally accepted and encouraged by marine ecologists, this global application contains

Laundered Clothes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laundered Clothes - Essay Example Sometimes I feel that, even doing this is quite a chore! Well can you imagine how it must have been a hundred-and-fifty years' back, when there were no washing machines, no detergent powder (only cakes of soap) and no electric irons Well, let's cut back to 1858 Monday used to be weekly washing day. The washing process being a long one, it was necessary to allot a full day to it. Most homes tried to keep enough linen to keep them going through the week. (Old and Interesting) The coloured and the whites are separated the previous night, and the whites are soaked in water to loosen the dirt. On washing day, the clothes-both coloured and whites-are sorted out again. Those which are really dirty, oily or sweat-stained, including those whites which have been soaked the previous night, are soaked again in a large tub of a solution of soda bicarbonate (washing soda) and water. (WiseGEEK). Hot water was used if the clothes/ household linen were really dirty. Soda bi-carb was available in a powder form (it is a white powder) from the local grocery store. Alternately, some housewives boiled the clothes in a large metal pot, in water containing soda-bicarb. The pot was stirred with a long stick, and a large fork used to be used to handle the boiled clothes. Next, the clothes were individually washed with cakes of lye soap, by being beaten onto a serrated washboard, by hand, or sometimes a flat wooden bat was used to beat the clothes. (Old and Interesting) Homes which didn't have a washboard, just used a flat, wooden board or a hard, flat stone. Collars, cuffs and hems (dresses were long then) needed special attention to get dirt out; likewise delicate clothes with lace had to be handled gently. After this, the clothes were rinsed out in clean water. Several rinses had to be done in tubs of water kept alongside in a row, till the water ran clean from the clothes. Then the whites had to be 'whitened'. For this, washing blue (made of indigo) (Old and Interesting) was used. Washing blue was bought from the corner store, in little blue chunks. A chunk was tied in a linen cloth and dipped into a clean bucket of water. The water turned blue from this. To this was added starch and mixed well. Whites dipped into this came out starched and sparkling. As more and more clothes were dipped into the starch-blue solution, the solution itself had to be strengthened by adding more starch and blue. Care had to be taken to mix the starch well into the water so that the solution was not lumpy. Starch was not always available in the market, a hundred years back. It could be prepared at home by cooking corn flour in water, which yielded a sticky, viscous liquid, which was added to the water to p repare the starch water. The coloured clothes received the same starching as the whites did, except that the starch solution did not contain the blue. Personal linen (underwear) did not need starching, of course. After the starching, the clothes were wrung out (if too heavily wrung, they would lose all starch) and hung out on clothes-lines to dry. Wooden clothes-pegs were used to ensure that the clothes did not fly off the lines. While hanging them out, care had to be taken to see that they were sufficiently 'spread out', for one layer of wet starched cloth could get stuck to another. White clothes could be hung out in the sun, but not the coloureds, at least not in strong sunshine. Warm weather helped in drying out the clothes

Florida- Blind, Deaf, and Dumb Essay Example for Free

Florida- Blind, Deaf, and Dumb Essay Coleman already knew one thing for sure about his future, and that was that he wanted to make educating children his life’s work. Coleman knowing about the lack of educational decrees in Florida decided to take the opportunity to advantage, by writing to Governor William D. Bloxham asking for a sum of $20,000 minimum appropriation to start a school for the deaf and blind. Coleman’s hopes came true when in 1883 Florida’s legislature establishes an institution for blind and deaf children for two years at ,000. The location of the school was put to a biding between the towns in Florida. Captain Edward E. Vaill offered St. Augustine the biggest bid of $1,000 and 5 acres. The original three wood buildings were erected by contractor William A. MacDuff at $12,749. The school was completed in December 1884. The first class entered in 1892 with 62 students. The two first graduates were both deaf, their names were Artemas W. Pope of St. Augustine and Cora Carlton of Island Grove. The two later married and became parents of Florida Senator Verle A. Pope. The first blind student graduated in 1908. The first African American graduates were Louise Jones a blind student in 1914, and Cary White a deaf student in 1925. The school originally only had 5 trustees in 1905, until 1963 were there were 7. Taylor Hardwick began construction on new dormitories in late 1958 and opened in 1959. The school is now the largest of its type in the U. S. The school now has 47 buildings and 72 acres. The school’s annual budget is over $30 million dollars. The schools no longer an boarding school but, now a public school. It’s the only school in Florida that is pre-school through 12th grade. It also has a post-secondary program. The school is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges, and Schools. The Conference of Education Administrators serving the deaf, and the National Accreditation Council for Agencies Serving the Blind and visually handicapped. The school has two departments: the Deaf department, and the Blind department. The school also has outreach programs for parents, teachers, and other staff in small and rural school districts in Florida. The also has a healthcare center on campus for students, as well as two well-appointed auditoriums. The school boasts the Copeland recreation and fitness center, which is specially designed and constructed for the blind. The center is the site of the annual USABA’s youth national goalball tournament. Not only that but blind high school students get state of the art sound system within the school. The school has 11 sports you can join at the school: Football, Soccer, Volleyball, Basketball, Little League Baseball, Track, Cross Country, Swimming, Goalball, Wrestling, and Cheerleading. They have preforming arts groups, the deaf department has a traveling dance troupe, and the blind department has a band known as the OuttaSight. The school also has several clubs: the blind skier, academic bowl team (competitive), and a traveling math club called MathCounts. -Notable Alumni- * Ray Charles- He learned to read braille here. When he went to the school it was known as the Institute for the Blind, Deaf and Dumb. * Ashley Fiolek- A very well-known rider in motocross racing. * Marcus Roberts- A famous Jazz pianist. -My Perspective- I really enjoyed researching and writing this essay. Originally the essay was supposed to be about all deaf culture related things in Florida but, as I started one of the things that kept popping up was the Florida school for the Deaf and Blind. Since it kept popping up I clicked on it and was amazed that it was in St. Augustine (which is where I was going to go for spring break), and that it was the oldest school for the deaf in Florida. All of a sudden I knew that I wasn’t doing my project on the deaf culture in Florida but instead a certain school for the deaf in Florida. Then I realized I had to make a decision; the schools name is the school for the Deaf and Blind. Meaning I would have to decide if I wanted to do my project on the school as a whole which means the Deaf and Blind, or just the Deaf department. As you already know (because hopefully you read the essay) I choose to both. The reason I choose to do both is because if I’m writing (or typing) this essay about the school than I’m going to write about the school in a whole. When I saw the school in person was when I finally realized just how big 47 buildings and 72 acres is. the school is huge and looked like it could swallow are school times two. I wasn’t able to go into the school. I was also surprised that I didn’t see that many people who were either deaf or blind from what I could tell at least. I do remember seeing this one girl who was deaf a couple times, I think she might have been a tourist though because I saw her at a tourist spot. The first time I say her we were sitting across from each other at a restaurant. My dad kept telling me to go say hi, and I swear I told him a million times that I couldn’t and that it would be considered rude. All in all I feel extremely pleased with what I came up with for this essay, and I hope you are too.

Efficiency Of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Essay Example for Free

Efficiency Of Municipal Solid Waste Collection Essay Solid waste has become an urban issue that gives evidence to the greatly increasing economic activities in the municipalities and poses a challenge thereto. As both an issue and a challenge, it requires a collaboration of efforts from the government and the private citizens of the municipalities. Related issues that would have to be checked and considered as well include the need for a change in the people’s overall lifestyle, their manner of resource consumption and allocation of their increasing income. The socio-economic, legal, health, environmental and cultural aspects of the municipalities would have to be revisited and made to contribute to the solid waste management programs of the government. (Jhaet. al. , 2007). Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a type of waste that, in particular, is not carried by water or air. The Federal Government of United States of America defines solid waste as any discarded material that is not excluded (40 CFR 261. 2; Mihelcic and Hutzler, 1999). Therefore, MSW is composed of the degradable, the partially degradable, and the non-degradable wastes. Degradable MSW includes paper, textiles, food wastes, straw and yard wastes; partially degradable waste includes wood and sludge, and non-degradable wastes include leather, plastics, rubber, metal, glass, dust and electronic waste. (Jha et. al. , 2007). The collection and disposal of the domestic wastes – whether degradable or non-degradable – over a period of years over-burdens the landfill. The continuous loading, dumping and subsequent accumulation of garbage all have a long-term effect on the environment (Sharholy et. al. , 2007). Hence, there is a growing awareness of the need to study the negative impact of solid wastes on the environment and human health, particularly in the areas adjoining the landfill sites (Srinivas, 1998). One city in India that is burdened by the dilemma caused by the rising volume of its MSW generation is Chennai. Chennai is the capital of the state of Tamil Nadu and is located at 13. 04 degrees latitude and 80 degrees longitude in Southern India. It is one of the four major metropolitan cities in India – the other three being New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata – with a total area coverage of 174 sq km, 19 km in length and 9 km in width (Figure 1) (Chennai Map, 2000). The population in Chennai has reached five million. One of the oldest corporations in India is the Corporation of Chennai, which was established on the 29th of 1688 by the East India Company (COC, 2004). Corporation of Chennai is the civic body that governs the city of Chennai. With the mayor as its head, the Corporation of Chennai has 155 councilors representing the 155 wards of the city. (Wikipedia) To do its mandate, the Corporation of Chennai has various departments attending to their respective duties and tasks. The departments are as follows: the Council Department, the General Administration, the Financial Management Unit, the Land Estate Department, the Revenue Department, the Health Department, the Family Welfare Department, the Education Department, the Parks Play Fields, and the Engineering Departments. The latter, in turn, are namely as follows: the Works Department, the Mechanical Engineering Department, the Electrical Department, the Buildings Department, the Storm Water Drain Department, the Bridges Department, and the Solid Waste Management Department. (COC website) Thus, the Corporation of Chennai is involved in the general upkeep and administration of the city, and the SWM in Chennai is but one of its concerns. The past 20 years has brought in industrial development to Chennai, and with it came both population growth and increased MSW generation (Esaku, 2007). The Corporation of Chennai has divided the area into ten zones for MSW collection and clearing (COC, 2004). The wastes generated by these ten zones are collected by either the Corporation of Chennai or the Neel Metal Fanlca, a private municipal solid waste collection body. The collection system involves getting the garbage through door-to-door visits and the setting up of garbage bins by the roadside in the streets. The collected wastes are transported via heavy mechanical vehicles (HMVs) or light mechanical vehicles (LMVs) to the transfer stations or directly to the city’s two dump sites, namely, the Perungudi and the Kodungaiyur dump sites. These wastes are mostly yet to be segregated; they are predominantly made up of organic and debris wastes (Sharholy, 2008). The segregation of wastes, though, is not effectively achieved in Chennai as a whole. Source or domestic segregation is practiced in a few areas in Chennai. Such practice contributes to the recycling of wastes like paper, plastic and metals. Still, it remains that the major contributors of recycled wastes are the rag pickers who collect wastes from the dumpsites and the municipal bins. Chennai, the fourth largest metropolitan city in India, currently faces the problem of having to efficiently handle and dispose of its growing volume of MSW (Esaku, 2007). The average volume of its generated MSW has increased from 600 tons/day to 3500 tons/day (Esaku, 2007). There has hitherto been no concrete and effective management measure taken to counteract this problem. Chennai is also accounted for having the highest per capita waste generation in India (Sharholy, 2008). The inefficiency of the garbage collection system in Chennai is due to the improper distribution of manpower, the ineffective work force, the incompetent collection methodology, the lack of public awareness and the scarce civic sense among the people. My study focuses on determining whether the allotment of additional manpower and vehicles for MSW collection would improve the efficiency of the garbage collection and disposal system of Chennai. My hypothesis is that proper allocation of manpower and vehicles to each zone, if implemented right by the Corporation of Chennai and the Neel Metal Fanalca, will significantly increase the efficiency of MSW collection and disposal in the city. My study would help the Corporation of Chennai and the Neel Metal Fanalca to improve the MSW collection and disposal in the city of Chennai. The city has been dubbed as â€Å"The City Beautiful† (COC website). To preserve its status as a place of beauty, the city government and its people should then act fast to solve the problems caused by the mounting volume of MSW continuously generated therein.

Chemical Properties of Silicon and its Uses

Chemical Properties of Silicon and its Uses Silicon and its Chemical Properties: Role in Architecture and Construction Introduction Silicon ranks seventh as the most abundant element in the universe and second most abundant element in earth with 27.7% composition of crust by mass (Exley, 1998). Silicon is a metalloid of atomic number 14 and chemical symbol Si discovered by Swedish chemist, Jà ¶ns Berzelius in 1823. Natural silicon contains three isotopes: 92.2% of Si-28, 4.7% of Si-29 and 3.1% of Si-30. Pure silicon exists in either shiny, crystalline dark grey or amorphous powder forms. In the period table, silicon is situated under germanium in group IV. It is usually tetravalent, though sometimes exhibits bivalent properties in compounds (Exley, 1998). Silicon exists in many dioxide forms and in natural silicates. It is present in rocks (as silicates), cement, sand, glass, silicone and ceramics (Exley, 1998). It is also a semiconductor commonly used in electronics like computers where they are formed as wafers in computer chips. Silicone is category of polymers with silicon in structure, alternating with oxygen atoms (Moretto, Schulze, Wagner, 2005). Chemical Properties of Silicon The electronic configuration of silicon is given as 1s22s22px22py22pz23s23px13py1 usually represented by [Ne] 3s23px13py1. First, second and third ionization energies are 786.3 kJ/mol, 1576.5 kJ/mol and 4354.4 kJ/mol, respectively. Ionization energy refers to quantity of energy that an isolated, gaseous atom in the ground electronic state has to absorb in order to discharge an electron, resulting in a cation. Based on its electronic configuration, silicon forms tetra-positive ions of Si+4 by loss of 3s23px13py1 electrons (Exley, 1998). Silicon bonds with hydrogen to form hydrides represented as Sià ¡Ã‚ µÃ… ¸+ Hà ¡Ã‚ µÃ… ¸- in organo-silicon chemistry. It also reacts with strong alkalis to form silicate and hydrogen gas. Si(s) + 2KOH(s) + H2O(l) -> K2SiO3 (s) + 2H2(g) Si(s) + 2NaOH(s) + H2O(l) -> Na2SiO3 (s) + 2H2(g) At 4500C silicon react with oxygen to form silicon-dioxide (silica) (Iler, 1979). Si(s) + O2(g) -> SiO2 (l) It reacts with halogens to form tetra-halides. Si(s) + 2H2(g) -> SiH4 (s) Silicon reacts with metals to form siliodes. 2Mg(s) + Si(s) -> Mg2Si(s) Silicon reacts with hydrochloric acid on heating to form hydrogen gas. Si(s) + 3HCl (aq) -> SiHCl3(s) + H2(g) Molecular silicon has the ability to stabilize positive and negative charges and the ability to affect bond strength and lengths in molecules. In organosilicon compounds, due to the relative inertness of the Si-C bond, the Si-X bond is usually much more readily cleaved. Organo-chlorosilanes, RnSiCl4-n, rapidly hydrolyse to RnSi(OH)4-n which are condensating, e.g.: 2Me3SiCl + H2O > 2Me3SiOH + HCl Me3SiOH + HCl > Me3Si-O-SiMe3 + H2O Silylation reaction is given by Me3Si-X + RO-H > RO-SiMe3 H-X, where X is Cl, Br or I. Stabilization of ÃŽ ±-silyl carbanions in organic silicon compounds occurs due to (p-ÏÆ'*)Ï€ overlap of p orbitals of carbon which is highly polarized bond of ÃŽ ± metalloid species with ÏÆ'* antibonding species near carbon-silicon bond. This is observed in 2,2-diphenyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropane (Mark, Allcock, and West, 2005). Figure 1 Stabilization of ÃŽ ±- silylcarbanion The ÃŽ ²-effect of silicon is its ability to stabilize a ÃŽ ²-positive charge. Electronegativity of silicon puts high charge density on carbon-silicon bond that facilitates conjugative stabilization of the p orbital polarized carbon-silicon bond. In anchimeric assistance in the process of solvolysis of (bromoethyl)trimethylsilane, maximum stabilization of ÃŽ ²-positive charge occurs when there is co-planar orientation of the empty p orbital and the carbon-silicon bond (Sekiguchi, Kinjo, Ichinohe, 2004). Role of Silicon in Architecture and Construction Silicon compounds play a major role in architecture and construction. Silicon is the principal constituent of natural stone, glass, concrete, sand and cement (Ca3SiO5) used in building. Sand (SiO2) is the main component in glass (Uhlmann, Kreidl, 1991). Asbestos used in roofing is a set of silicon compounds. It is important thermal insulation. The strength of asbestos makes it useful as addition to concrete, asphalt, vinyl materials in roof shingles, pipes, siding, wall board, floor tiles, joint compounds and adhesives. It should be used with care because of its health hazards (Brodeur, 1985; Kozumbo, Kroll, Rubin, 1982; Selikoff, 1978; Wayne Crump, 2003). Common minerals present in asbestos are serpentine chrysotile ((Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4); and amphiboles tremolite (Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2); actinolite (Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2); cummingtonite ((Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2); grunerite (Fe2+,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2); richeckite (Na2(Mg,Fe2+)3Fe3+2Si8O22(OH)2) and anthophyllite ((Mg, Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2). Silicon organic compounds like polymers (silicones) act as bonding intermediates between glass and organic compounds, form polymers with useful properties such as impermeable to water, flexible and resistance to chemical attack. Silicones are used in waterproofing treatments, moulding compounds and mould-release agents, mechanical seals, high temperature greases and waxes. Silicone sealants are used in high performance buildings due to their good performance and long lasting capabilities. It has low temperature flexibility and high temperature stability. Silicone enable amazing feats of architecture and the preservation of our most treasured landmarks – as well as making our homes more comfortable and energy efficient (Moretto, Schulze, Wagner, 2005). They can solve structural glazing and weatherproofing; energy efficiency in buildings; improve in-shop productivity and reduce material waste; extend building life and reduce life cycle costs; help realize sustainable development and achieve design freedom. Silicone sealants outperform and outlast organic weatherproofing materials. They enable innovative applications that would otherwise be impossible. For example, only structural silicone sealants have the long-term adhesion, compatibility, and strength required for structural glazing and protective glazing applications, making sheet glass skyscrapers a reality. Silicones are also inherently waterproof, and provide greater UV stability, temperature and weather resistance then organic materials. And, because they last longer, they can be replaced less often – reducing lifetime costs and contributing to sustainability. Conclusion It is concluded that silicon and its compounds have many uses in architecture and construction. More building materials with silicon as part of their structure are being developed for structural and other construction applications. Research in architecture and construction should focus on silicon and its compounds as an important frontier in developing the industry. Reference Sekiguchi, A., Kinjo, R and Ichinohe, M (2004). A stable compound containing a silicon-silicon triple bond. Science Vol. 305, No. 5691, p. 1755–7. Moretto, H-H, Schulze, M., and Wagner Gebhard (2005) Silicones in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Kozumbo, W. J., Kroll, R. and Rubin, R. J. (1982). Assessment of the mutagenicity of phthalate esters. Environmental Health Perspectives, No. 45, p. 103–109. Mark, J. E., Allcock, H. R. and West, R. (2005). Inorganic Polymers. Oxford University. p.155. Wayne, B. D. and Crump, K. S. (2003). Final draft: technical support document for a protocol to assess asbestos-related risk. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. p.474. Selikoff, Irving J. (1978). Asbestos and Disease. Elsevier. pp.20–32. Brodeur, Paul (1985). Outrageous Misconduct: The Asbestos Industry on Trial (1st ed.). Pantheon Books. Iler, R. K. (1979). The Chemistry of Silica. Plenum Press. Uhlmann, D. R. and Kreidl, N. J. ed. (1991). Optical properties of glass. Westerville, OH: American Ceramic Society. Exley, C (1998). Silicon in life: A bioinorganic solution to bioorganic essentiality. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Vol. 69, No. 3, p. 139.

Parents Taking Control Of Their Childrens Education :: essays research papers

Never before in the United States have parents been so disgruntled about their children's education. The main reason behind this massive disruption is that public schools are not living up to parent's standards. Therefore, parents are taking their children's educations and futures into their own hands, and doing so quite efficiently. Many parents are turning to ["an alternative"] means of educating known as home schooling. Home schooling is simply ["education of school- aged children at home rather than at school."] Parents are choosing home schooling over public because public schools are not meeting their children's academic, individual, and handicap needs. First, parents are choosing home schooling over public schooling because public schools are not meeting student's academic needs. [Parents expect their children will learn to read, write, and acquire basic math skills by the time they graduate.] However, public schools throughout the United States are failing to teach these basic achedemic skills. Recent studies show that [" Of the 2.4 million who graduate, as many as 25% cannot read or write at the eighth grade level or "functionally literate," level, according to some estimates."] This is a tragic statistic for a nation claiming to be so developed. There are more opportunities to education in the United States than any other country in the world, yet evidence shows that the United States ranks [" at the bottom of 19 industrial nations in reading, writing, and arithmetic."] In addition, students are ranking lower than ever on Academic Achievement Tests (ACT). Children who attend public schools rank in the [" 50th percentile."] whereas, home schooled children [" typically score at the 65th to 80th percentile...."] To add to these statistics, [" in December 1989, the education press reported the amazing news that children schooled at home seemed to be five or even ten years ahead of their formally trained peers in their ability to think."] These statistics prove that home schooled children are doing better in math, science, reading and writing, compared to children attending public schools. Secondly, parents are choosing home schooling over public schooling because public schools are no longer taking student's individual needs into consideration. Since students are taught lessons based on an academic calendar year, they are expected to be able to complete specific tasks by the end of that year. When students fail to meet these expectations they are required to repeat the same grade the following school year.

My Personal Leadership Philosophy Essay -- Leadership Essays

According to Webster’s Dictionary, leadership is the power or ability to lead other people, the act or instance of leading. I believe that Leadership is an art, the art to get others to follow and accomplish a common goal or task in a harmonic manner. A leader can be shown in all kinds of shapes and forms. To be a great leader many people believe it consists of modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart. Over the course of me learning how to become a better leader and being in leadership roles, I’ve learned that all these are very necessary to be a great leader. The person you least expect can be a leader in their on right. We have great world leaders such as our President Barack Obama and Hilary Clinton, but also we even have our small town leaders such has our sheriffs and mayors. Most importantly I’ve seen the greatest leader of them all and that’s been in my own household. My mother exemplifies all of these very great qualities she practices what she preaches, encourages me to be a better me, tends to my needs, and has ultimately won all of my trust to know she will never steer me in the wrong direction. Leading is a way of life, something that is a learning experience. With growth, lessons learned, and having confidence leadership is a task that all can obtain. My top five strengths include Faith, Integrity, leadership, teamwork, and communication. My number one weakness is ambition. I would have to say that my strength finder test was pretty accurate to what I already knew were my strengths and weaknesses. I actually found the test very helpful and it opened up my eyes to a lot of things. With anything you do in life you need faith. I have always struggled wi... ... we know it or not. Growth is inevitable and when there is growth there is new finding about life. Leadership is a growing process that is never ending. Even a leader is human. Learning from mistakes and showing ways to positively turn them around is one of the strongest leaders of them all. But one must realize you have to be follower in one time of your life to become a leader. The most creative geniuses are those who have followed. Stay humble, open-minded, and firm in your beliefs and know man should ever discredit you from being an extraordinary leader. Works Cited Summary." U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d. Web. 13 November 2013. "Free Aptitude Test – Find Your Strengths & Weaknesses." Tools for Your Career Path. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. "Leadership." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.

The Squire in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer :: Canterbury Tales Chaucer Essays

The Squire in The Caterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer In the General Prologue of The Canterbury Tales, the narrator, Geoffrey Chaucer, meets twenty nine pilgrims at the Southwark at the Tabard Inn. They are all going to Canterbury Cathedral to visit the shrine of Sir Thomas Becket. Chaucer decides to tag along, taking some time to describe each pilgrim. The author uses many metaphors, personal histories, and examples of how they would act in certain situations to fully describe the characters in the story. However, some of the pilgrims are given only a few lines of direct description in a very straightforward, visual manner. One of the characters in the tales is Squire, who gets only twenty lines of details, focusing on his appearance, his abilities, and his sexuality. The physical description of the Squire illustrates him as if he was a Roman statue, or taken from a chivalric romance. Chaucer describes his " lokkes crulle as they were leyd in presse"(Norton, 83), average height, great strength, "Of twenty yeer of age he was" (Norton, 83), bravery and cleverness. The author illustrates Squire's youth "as fressh as is the month of may." (Norton, 83). The dress of the squire is colorful, embroidered with flowers, short with large sleeves. He is very talented, too. Chaucer dedicates some lines in the poem to the squire's skills - horsemanship, jousting, sketching, dancing, song and verse writing: "Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde./ He koude songes make and wel endite,/ Juste and eek daunce, and weel purtreye and write." (Norton, 83). The physical illustration of Squire is carefully surrounded by sexual references. The author tells us in his poem that the young character is "a lovere and a lusty bacheler"(Norton, 83), who loves so hotly that he sleeps at night "namoore than dooth a nyghtyngale"(Norton, 83). Chaucer uses meadows, fresh flowers, and squire's songs as the methphors to represent the character's sexual image that hides under the portrait of the candidate for a knight. Chaucer also refers to the object of squire's chivalry, his lady. The strange thing about Squire's sexuality and his character as a whole is its neutrality. He is illustrated as powerful and effective young knight. It seems however that he is lifeless, like a stone or still statue. The squire's physical characteristics strongly hit the reader's mind, yet not much is understood about Squire. Chaucer even portrays him in a morally neutral manner, he leaves the judgement of the squire to the reader.

Proton Vehicles

1. Background of the Company It all began in 1979 when Malaysia’s Father of Modernisation, Tun Mahathir Mohamad, mooted the idea of establishing an automotive assembling and manufacturing industry in our country. It was Tun Mahathir’s dream to accelerate Malaysia’s industrialisation capabilities to match those of developed nations. His dream became one step closer to reality when the Cabinet approved the National Car Project in 1982. The dream was fulfilled when PROTON was officially incorporated on May 7, 1983. Our very first model, the Proton Saga was commercially launched on July 9, 1985.The name â€Å"Saga† was chosen by Ismail Jaafar a retired military soldier and derived from â€Å"saga† (Adenantherapavonlna) a type of seed commonly found in Malaysia. The first new market for the Proton Saga was Singapore, right across the Straits of Johor. In 1986, barely a year after the first car was launched, celebrated the official rollout of the 10000th Proton Saga. The following year, launched the Proton Saga 1. 5l saloon and Aeroback models. By then, over 50,000 units of the Proton Saga had been produced and sold in Bangladesh, Brunie, New Zealand, Malta and Sri Lanka.Soon after, PROTON cars were distributed in the United Kingdom. In 1988, PROTON debuted at the British International Motorshow, walking away successfully with three prestigious awards for quality, coachwork and ergonomics. PROTON progressed towards in-house engine operations in 1989. In quest to upgrade our technological prowess, a Transmission Assembly Plant was also set up in Shah Alam. In 1996, 1 millionth car was produced. This achievement was buoyed by several significant new model launches including the Proton Tiara, Proton Wira 2. Diesel and the two-door Proton Putra, in addition to existing line up of the Proton Wira, Proton Satria and Proton Perdana. In the same year, acquired a controlling stake in Group Lotus. Even as the new millennium dawned, PROTON sho wed no signs of slowing down. In 2000, unveiled prototype CamPro engine at the Lotus factory in Norwich, United Kingdom. The CamPro engine is aimed to show PROTON’s ability to make their own engines that produce good power output and meet newer emission standards. In 2009, PROTON EdarSdn. Bhd. nd EdaranOtomobilNasionalBerhad entered into a new Master Dealership Agreement to rationalise the sales and services network of vehicles, to ensure a more efficient nationwide distribution system. In January 2010, Petronas became official sole lubricant supplier, in a 10 year agreement that covers all markets in which cars are sold. In 2008, launched the latest iteration of PROTON logo, in conjunction with the rollout of 3 millionth cars. PROTON top mark retained its diamond shape although the tiger motif and colour scheme were changed to reflect the PROTON’s new direction.To further cement successes, launched new production models including the new Saga, Waja CPS, Gen 2 CPS and the Persona Special Edition. PROTON brand is the most valuable asset for all the companies in PROTON group. It embodies a unique set of perceptions about products and services that are triggered in the minds of our public by how others judge what we do, how we behave and what we say. 1. Proton Ideology Audacious Goal – Driving Malaysia’s transformation into a global leader in technology and quality. Vivid Description – Deliver innovative and superior quality products and services.PROTON brands inspire confidence and pride. Purpose – Passionate group of people working together, creating exhilarating products and services for global markets, synonymous with great styling, innovation and leading technology. 2. Proton Core Values Each PROTON employee practices in the Company’s shared values to guide their behaviour with each other and PROTON customers. These precious values form the foundation of how they work and conduct business as follows: Quality à ¢â‚¬â€œ Ensure continuous quality improvements for customers by delivering products that are positively conceptualised and manufactured.Customer Focus – Customers remain priority at PROTON. PROTON deliver on promises to customers’ satisfaction. Innovation – Challenge the convention, always seeking new and better ways to do things. View changes as opportunities. Teamwork – PROTON trust, respect and share knowledge to foster teamwork at the workplace. Speed – PROTON have a ‘can-do’ attitude and will not rest until the problem is solved. – PROTON have an inherent sense of urgency in everything PROTON do. Caring – As a responsible corporate citizen, PROTON invest in safety, health and the environment. Honesty Let’s be transparent and take responsibility for own actions. 3. Proton Vision Proton strives to become a successful Malaysian Automotive Manufacturer globally by being customer oriented and producing competitivel y priced and innovative quality products. Since inception, PROTON have gained a significant international presence bringing PROTON to 27 countries across South-East Asia to the Middle-East, China, South Africa, Australia and the United Kingdom. Over the years PROTON have increased cost-efficiency, realibility and quality through the use of automation and robotics in manufacturing processes.The launch of Research and Development facilities has contributed a most critical activity, innovation in design and creative engineering methods. Consumers can now expect PROTON to deliver more unique, stylish and attractively priced cars. 4. The Proton Personality PROTON have challenging but unique opportunities to change people’s perceptions of what stand for by asserting a clear brand personality founded on a set of brand attributes that should guide all our activities and communications. Proud – Although relatively brief, PROTON company history is one of the remarkable achieveme nts of which PROTON proud.In PROTON pride lies the vital energy that drives us forward and forces PROTON to take on new challenges. Reliable – PROTON committed to providing quality products and services. More important, however is receiving recognition for such quality from customers, business associates and shareholders who need to trust our ability to deliver on PROTON promise of quality Innovative – PROTON ability to innovate is also geared at developing collaborative relationships with other national projects to assist in the development of indigenous products able to compete in the international markets.Knowledgeable – PROTON is committed to the acquisition of intellectual capability in design and technology, which will propel the nation to achieve the status of an industrialised nation. Caring – PROTON responsible corporate citizen, commited to building a friendly organisation centred on personal touch and sensitivity to customers’ needs, wit h clear communications leading to mutual understanding. 2. Consumer Behaviour of the Target Market: Proton Holding Berhad 1. Definition on Consumer BehaviourConsumer behaviour is the study of how individuals, groups, and organizations select, buy, use, and dispose of goods, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and wants. Consumers are exposed to a myriad of marketing and other external stimuli on a daily basis for which the marketer has to consider consumer characteristics and consumer psychology to successfully position a product or service. Consumer characteristics include; culture, social and personal factors and consumer psychology include motivation, perception, learning and memory. . Consumer Behaviour on Proton Research conducted by Hossein Nezakati1*, KemOon Kok2 and Omid Asgari3 Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics & Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) MBA student, Graduate school of Management (GSM), Universiti Putra Malaysi a (UPM) Founder & CEO, Delta Consulting Group (DCG), Tehran, Iran. The title of research is Do Consumer based-factors influence consumer buying behavior in automotive industry? (Malaysia Evidence). 3. Research MethodUsing primary and secondary data as well as sampling technique. The target population on this study consists of consumers from region of Klang Valley. Most of the respondents were Malay where contributing 98 respondents, followed by Chinese were 56 respondents, Indian were 35 respondents and others races were 21 respondents. Majority of the respondents were aged 18 to 28 years old and most of them in the highest education level were bachelor degree. Some of the respondents were still student where they are attending class as part-time students.The income level, some of the respondents were below RM1,800 but most of the respondents were average monthly income were RM1,800 to RM3,000. From the reliability results, it was found that majority respondents was beliefs them sel f about the quality of the car before they made decision to purchase. Factors influencing consumer behavior on local car like Proton are as follows:- a) Price consciousness- consumers will enormous search information and see the financial performance before acquiring automobile. ) Value consciousness- consumers seems to be equivalently beliefs them self regarding perceptive of the import car, meaning that they purchase car based on the experience from the past where they belief which car will suitable for them. They also act like a consumer seeker whereby they will keep forward looking for the new design of the imported car. Some of the consumer beliefs which car they are prefer to drive and which car they are not prefer or dislike. ) Price-quality inference – Most of the respondent believed that imported car were made by high quality material in term of interior design, more quality in term of engine performance and also more towards science and technology. In this results s how that Malaysia consumers are concern on the value that they receive when they purchase imported car. To be intention to purchase imported car, they will consider how far the price and quality they concern. d) Risk Awareness- In this study, we also found that most of the respondent beliefs that imported car were more safety to drive due to test safety before launching new model.Other than that, they also believe imported car were made by high quality material in term of interior design, more quality in term of engine performance and also more towards science and technology. To successfully compete in the Malaysia and international market, PROTON must emphasize the quality of the products in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. PROTON and its group of companies must remember quality is the factors that will influences consumer’s beliefs and also will influence the intention to purchase.PROTON is also should increase their product quality in order to increase t he consumer’s beliefs about the products by maintaining the quality to gain competitive advantage. 4. SWOT Analysis On Proton The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision. The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision-making for all sorts of situations in business and organizations. SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.The SWOT analysis headings provide a good framework for reviewing strategy, position and direction of a company or business proposition, or any other idea. Use SWOT analysis for business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research reports. To enable this to happen cleanly and clearly, and from a logical point of view anyway when completing a SWOT analysis in most business and marketing situations, Strengths and Weaknesses are regarded distinctly as internal factors, whereas Opportunities and Threats are regarded distinctly as external factors. Strengths |Weaknesses | |Strong brand image |Concentrated Operations | |Received various 8 awards, recently, i. eFrost & Sullivan Malaysia |Although Proton has expended to other international regions, it| |Excellence Awards 2011. (Value-for-Money Car of the Year (1. L and |still depends on the Malaysia market for majority of its | |above), Auto Industry Awards 2011, â€Å"Best People’s Car† for the Saga FL |revenue. | |andâ€Å"Best Value-for-Money Family Car† for the Inspira. | | | |Declining profit trend | |Strong recognition |PBT declined by 17% for FY2011.These mainly due to economic | |Gives it competitive advantage compared to its other competitors. |slowing down and increase in its production cost. | | | | |Strong focus on R & D |Marginal increase in revenue | |PROTON TechnologyAdvisory Council (PTAC) in 2011 and PROTON Technology |Sales increased by marginally at 9% for FY2011.This | |roadmap (PTR) serves as a blueprint for the Company in shaping PROTON’s |performance was the result of encouraging sales recorded by the| |car of the future. |three core models – the Saga, Persona and Exora. This is | | |forcing PROTON to rethink its strategy to optimize plant | |Strong management team |utilization and if possible minimize additional required | |Had strong management in terms of qualifications and leadership, lead by |investment. |Dato’ Sri Haji Syed ZainalAbidin B Syed Mohamed Tahir. Most of the | | |directors have collectively 25 to 40 years of experience in their |Declining market shares | |respective field. |Proton also arrested the decline at 24% in 2010 and gradually | | |increased the same to just below 30% for FY 2011. |Encouraging continuous learning | | |PROTON Critical Mass Scheme-increasing the ratio of PhD and Master | | |Holders in the company. | | | | |Various types of models | | |Through the years the PROTON Group has collectively realized ove r 24 | | |various models. | | | | |Strong staff strength | | |Total staff strength close to 12,000 employees | | |Worldwide. | | | | |Strong cashflows | | |PROTON’s cash and cash equivalentsare maintained above the RM1 billion. | |Opportunities |Threats | |Strategic alliance |Intense Competition | |Entering into strategic agreements, acquiring assets or organizations to |Proton faces intense competition from local manufacturer | |further strengthen its position in the industry. . e Lotus Engineering |i. ePerodua as well as international manufacturer, i. eToyata and| | |Honda, which customers’ perceive better value for their money | |Collaboration with other country |in terms of quality and safety. | |Iran SAIPA, Iran to explore Iran and Middle East market. | | | | |Strong government support |Economic slowing down and volatile global market | |In 2009-Second Stimulus Plan. Current global economies slow down and the uncertainties that | |2010- Economic & Gove rnment Transformation program and 10th Malaysia Plan|currently prevail, especially in Europe, Japan and the USA. | |and attractive loan package. This shows government participations on the | | |growth and sustainability of PROTON. Other country rules and regulation | | |Proton has to abide with the other countries’ regulation in | |Accelerate Strategy into China market |order to penetrate the market. | |PROTON will upgrade the current Representative Office in Hangzhou, | | |Zhejiang Province to a Wholly Owned Foreign Entity (WOFE) in Shanghai |Increase fuel price | |which will be operational by end 2011. The automotive industry is highly affected by fluctuation in | |WOFE will allow PROTON to conduct business and pursue new opportunities |the fuel price. When the fuel price increases significantly | |in China. |people would choose other economical public transport i. e train| | |and monorail/LRT. |Technology transfer | | |PROTON has worked on a feasibility study programme with King Abdulaziz | | |City for Science and Technology (KACST), to develop the plan to achieve | | |full automotive development and manufacturing capability in the Kingdom | | |of | | |Saudi Arabia. | | 3. Situational Analysis 1. Basis of Segmentation A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and wants. The marketer’s task is to identify the appropriate number and nature of market segments and decide which one(s) to target.They are researcher define segments by looking at descriptive characteristics such as geographic, demographic, and psychographic. Other researchers try to define segments by looking at behavioral considerations, such as consumer responses to benefits, usage occasions, or brands. The major segmentation variables are geographic, demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. a) Geographic Segmentation Geographic segmentation divides the market into geographical units such as nations, states, regions, counties, cities, or neighborhoods. The company can operate in one or a few areas, or it can operate in all but pay attention to local variations.In that way it can tailor marketing programs to the needs and wants of local customer groups in trading areas, neighborhoods, even individual stores. In a growing trend called grassroots marketing, such activities concentrate on getting as close and personally relevant to individual customers as possible. b) Demographic Segmentation In demographic segmentation, we divide the market on variables such as age, family size, family life cycle, gender, income, occupation, education, religion, race, generation, nationality, and social class. One reason demographic variables are so popular with marketers is that they’re often associated with consumer needs and wants. Another is that they’re easy to measure.Even when we describe the target market in non-demographic terms (say, by personality type), we may need the link back to demogra phic characteristics in order to estimate the size of the market and the media we should use to reach it efficiently. c) Psychographic Segmentation Psychographics is the science of using psychology and demographics to better understand consumers. In psychographic segmentation, buyers are divided into different groups on the basis of psychological/personality traits, lifestyle, or values. People within the same demographic group can exhibit very different psychographic profiles. One of the most popular commercially available classification systems based on psychographic measurements is Strategic Business Insight’s (SBI) VALSâ„ ¢ framework. d) Behavioral SegmentationIn behavioral segmentation, marketers divide buyers into groups on the basis of their knowledge of, attitude toward, use of, or response to a product. Below are the criteria to evaluate market segments: a) Identifiable The differentiating attributes of the segments must be measurable so that they can be identifie d b) Accessible The segments must be reachable through communication and distribution channels c) Substantial The segments should be sufficiently large to justify the resources required to target them d) Unique needs In order to justify separate offerings, the segments must respond differently to the different marketing mixes e) DurableThe segments should be relatively stable to minimize the cost of frequent changes An ideal market segment meets all of the following criteria: a) It is internally homogeneous means the potential customers in the same segment prefer the same product qualities b) It is externally heterogeneous means the potential customers from different segments have basically different quality preferences c) It responds similarly to a market stimulus d) It can be cost-efficiently reached by market intervention. Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton) uses demographic segmentation as their market segmentation a) Age Consumer needs and wants change with age. The marketing mix m ay therefore need to be adapted depending on which age segment or segments are being targeted. Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton) is targeting their customer age ranging from 18 years onwards.It is due to the affordable price, variety of car models such as Proton Exora, Proton Saga FL, Proton Persona, Proton R3 Satria Neo, and Proton Inspira, variety of promotional installment package offered by Proton Edar as a Proton dealer. Basically Proton cars model are suitable for teenagers to an adult. b) Gender It involves dividing a market into different groups based on sex. Proton realizes that the purchasing power of women and men nearly the same. All the marketing campaigns through motorsport exhibition and advertisement done via media electronic, such as television, radio and internet had attract both gender, women and men to purchase Proton cars. With the attractive interior design, up-to-date technology such as GPS navigator install at Proton Exora and variety color schemes had attract both gender to purchase.Besides that Proton emphasize on safety factors of their car manufacture which is desired to market their cars to women, as well as men. c) Family Size For Proton Saga and Proton Satria Neo model, the car model is suitable for small family size whereby the family consist of 2 adults and 2 children. For medium size family whereby the family member consist 4 to 5 members, Proton Persona is suitable for them and for big family size whereby it consist of 6 to 8 members in the family, Proton Exora is suitable for them. d) Life Cycle Stage Market can de divided into different groups based on customer life-cycle. People change the goods and services they want and need over their lifetime.Life cycle stage of customer can be categorized as: †¢ Bachelor Stage whereby the customer is young, still single and not living with their parents. Most of them just finished studied either at university, college or school leaver †¢ Newly Married Couples whereby they stil l young with no children and just enter marriage life †¢ Married couples with dependent children †¢ Married couples with no children living with them †¢ Married couples and they had retired with no children living with them †¢ They had retired and still unmarried Proton car’s model is suitable for every life cycle either the customer is bachelor or an adult or the customer had retired. Their car model can cater every life stage needs and wants.For example, Proton Gen-2 had a modern design, masculine and sporty character in term of design and interior styling and also performance. The car is suitable for bachelor stage and newly married couple who loves very particular about style. Proton Exora is suitable for consumer who has a family member with size of 3 to 6 members. The price of the car is affordable and competitive. Besides that Proton Exora is also suitable for retiree. a) Generation Proton car’s model has been in the automotive sector for 25 years. Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton) has produced over a dozen car models to date that have sold more than 3 million units and has exported to more than 25 countries. Proton Saga was the first Proton model.It rolled off the Shah Alam assembly line for the first time in September 1985. The 100,000th Proton Saga was produced in January 1989. The second proton’s car model is Proton Wira which was produced in the year 1993 followed by Proton Satria in the year 1995, Proton Putra in the year 1995, Proton Perdana in the year 1995, Proton Tiarain the year 1996 t, Proton Perdana V6 in the year 1999, Proton Juara in the year 2001, Proton Waja in the year 2000, Proton Arena in the year 2002, Proton Gen-2 in the year 2004, Proton Savvyin the year 2005, Proton Satria Neo in the year 2006, Proton Personain the year 2007, Proton Saga FL in the year 2008 and Proton Inspira in the year 2010.Until today, Proton car’s model still in demand with new development of the car design, up-to -date technology and car features. According to Dato’ Sri Haji Syed ZainalAbidin Syed Mohamed Tahir, Group Managing Director of PROTON Holdings Berhad during the launching Proton Saga FL 1. 6 on 25th May 2011 said that the Proton Saga FL is suitable for younger generation of purchaser and car owner because the car has more attractive design, affordable price, cost-effective and powerful alternative. b) Income Income segmentation involves dividing a market into different income groups. Marketers of products and services found that income segmentation very useful. Companies with luxury goods and convenience services target well off consumers.Income segmentation is also used to identify and target lower-income groups, so that they can be approached with appropriate products, prices and distribution outlets. Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton) targeted their customer with monthly salary of RM 2,000 and above. The price of the car is affordable and value for money. Proton model is tar geted for people who just enter the working world whereby they need car as a mode of transportation beside public transport such as public bus, taxi, Putra LRT, Commuter or Star LRT. Below is the price of Proton’s car models. |Proton Car Model |Price Starting From | |Proton Exora |RM 59. 48 | |Proton Inspira |RM 78,549 | |Proton Gen-2 |RM 54,538 | |Proton Persona |RM 46,499 | |Proton Saga FLX |RM 38,148 | |Proton Satria Neo |RM 57,313 | |Proton R3 Satria Neo |RM 79,797 | |Proton Savvy |RM 39,693. 68 | |Proton Waja |RM 56,888 | (Souces :www. proton-edar. com. my) c) Life Style It involves classifying people according to their values, beliefs, opinions, and interests. There is no one standardized lifestyle segmentation model.Market research firms and advertising agencies are constantly devising new categories, which will best help target possible consumers of their client’s products. As for Proton’s customer, each of their car models is targeted to different life style of customer. For example, Proton Satria Neo is suitable for your generation who love style and sporty looks. The had an interactive interior design and built-in technology that attract young generation especially college and university student to owned it. d) Social Class Is the single most used variable for research purposes, and divides the population into groups based on their type of occupation as such it can be seen as a socio-economic scale.Description of occupation can be categorized into: †¢ Higher managerial, administrative or professional †¢ Intermediate managerial, administrative or professional †¢ Supervisory, clerical, junior administrative or professional †¢ Skilled manual workers †¢ Semi and unskilled manual workers †¢ State pensioners with no other income, widows, casual and lowest grade earners As for Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton), they will not separate their car model purchaser according to social class. The mos t important element in buying the proton car model is the affordability of the customer to pay down payment and monthly installment. e) Religion Malaysia is multicultural and multiconfessional. The dominant religion in Malaysia is Islam. The large Chinese population in Malaysia practices a mix of beliefs, with influences from traditional Chinese religions such as Buddhism and Daoism.Hinduism is practiced by the majority of Malaysian Indians. Christianity has established itself in some communities, especially in East Malaysia. It is not tied to any specific ethnic group. Other religions, such as the Baha'i Faith and Sikhism also have adherents in Malaysia. All the world's major religions have substantial representation in Malaysia. The Population and Housing Census 2010 figures show approximately these proportions of the population following these religions: †¢ 61. 3% Islam †¢ 19. 8% Buddhism †¢ 9. 2% Christianity †¢ 6. 3% Hinduism †¢ 1. 3% Confucianism, Taoi sm and other traditional Chinese religions †¢ 0. 7% Atheist †¢ 1. % Other religions or no information The majority of Malaysian Malay people are Muslim. Most Malaysian Chinese follow a combination of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and ancestor-worship. Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 83. 6% of Malaysia's ethnic Chinese identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (3. 4%) and Christianity (11. 1%). Christianity is the predominant religion of the non-Malay Bumiputra community (46. 5%) with an additional 40. 4% identifying as Muslims. Many indigenous tribes of East Malaysia have converted to Christianity, although Christianity has made fewer inroads into Peninsular Malaysia.Proton car model is suitable for all religion. There is separation between religions in order to own the car. The most important element to purchase the car is the affordability and the interest of the features of the Proton car’s model. f) Education Lev el of education that purchase proton’s car can be categorized as customer who had obtain education until secondary school and who had obtain tertiary education in universities or colleges. Basically customers with tertiary education are more detailed in analyzing the car model from the car design, car features, the function of the car and the technology installed in the car. Usually the will study before deciding to purchase the car.Basically Proton car’s is suitable for everybody either the customer is educated or just finished the secondary school level such SijilPelajaran Malaysia. The car’s model has not separated in term of level of education. The most important things in purchasing the Proton car’s model is knowing to read and write. It is because the manual book will be given to all customer in order for them to know more about the car’s model such as the technology built-in, features and the function of the car. g) Ethnicity The population of Malaysia consists of four main ethnic groups which are malays, chinese, Indians and other ethnic group in Sabah and Sarawak.Malays and other indigenous groups are known as Bumiputras. Non-Malay indigenous tribes constitute about half of Sarawak's residents; the largest indigenous group consists of the Sea Dayaks, or Ibans, followed by the Land Dayaks, or Bidayuh. The majority of Sabah's population consists of indigenous peoples, principally Kadazans, Bajaus, and Muruts. The balance is dominated by Chinese. Basically as for Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton), ethnic will not play an important role in targeting purchaser of proton car. Every ethnic group in Malaysia has the opportunity to purchase proton car models regardless where they come from in the state in Malaysia.The most important thing is they attract to the design, features and the technology built-in to the car. 2. Target Market The target market is the part of the qualified available market the company decides to pursue. The Malaysian automotive market is certainly one of the more significant markets in Asia Pacific. It is estimated that over 21. 25 million vehicles have been registered in Malaysia to date with every 3 in 10 Malaysians owning a vehicle. Uniquely, Malaysia is one of the few countries in Asia Pacific  to have its own national carmakers, further adding spice and flavour to this market. Malaysia is also one of the few right- hand- drive ( RHD ) markets in the world.The Top 50 best selling cars in Malaysia for the year of 2011 ( Up until October 2011 ) |Rank |Car |Total sold | |1 |PeroduaMyvi |65,783 | |2 |Proton Saga |63,615 | |3 |Perodua Viva |49,636 | |4 |Proton Persona |40,666 | |5 |PeroduaAlza |30,398 | |6 |Toyota Vios |25,485 | |7 |Proton Exora |18,165 | |8 Toyota Hilux |18,015 | |9 |Nissan Grand Livina |10,620 | |10 |Honda City |10,470 | |11 |Proton Inspira |8,028 | |12 |Mitsubishi Triton |6,974 | |13 |Toyota Camry |6,679 | |14 |Toyota Avanza |6,660 | |15 |Honda Civic |6,121 | | 16 |Toyota Corolla Altis |5,178 | |17 |Isuzu D-MAX |4,871 | |18 |Naza ( Kia ) Forte |4,783 | |19 |Honda Insight |4,085 | |20 |Honda Accord |4,058 | |21 |Honda CR-V |4,007 | |22 |Suzuki Swift |3,962 | |23 |Nissan Teana |3,876 | |24 |Ford Fiesta |3,753 | |25 |Toyota Innova |3,735 | |26 |Proton Satria Neo |3,367 | |27 |Nissan Navara |3,122 | |28 |Hyundai Sonata |2,605 | |29 |Nissan Sylphy |2,385 | |30 |CheryEastar |2,251 | |31 |Proton Waja |2,159 | |32 |Hyundai i10 |2,115 | |33 |Toyota Rush |1,988 | |34 |Ford Ranger |1,900 | |35 |Mercedes- Benz E- Class 1,857 | |36 |Mercedes- Benz C- Class |1,823 | |37 |Hyundai Tucson |1,757 | |38 |Peugeot 308 |1,732 | |39 |BMW 5- Series F10 |1,723 | |40 |Toyota Prius |1,640 | |41 |Volkswagen Golf TSI |1,633 | |42 |Mazda 2 |1,591 | |43 |Naza ( Kia ) Citra |1,575 | |44 |Mazda 3 |1,555 | |45 |Toyota Hiace |1,550 | |46 |BMW 3- Series Sedan |1,513 | |47 |Nissan Urvan |1,447 | |48 |Toyota Fortuner |1,376 | |49 |Volkswagen Polo TSI |1,298 | |50 |Peugeot 207 Sedan |1,282 | Source: Malaysian Automotive Association (MAA) 3. Target market for Proton Holdings Berhad The Proton Persona had won the Frost & Sullivan for the Best Value of Monet Car of Year 2011 with total sales of 4,000 units per month. For the year 2011, there are 156,487 units of Proton Persona already on the road.Proton Persona is one of the top selling cars in the domestic market. According to the Dato’ Sri Haji Syed ZainalAbidin, Proton Holdings Berhad (Proton) competition is in the domestic market is so competitive. Proton is trying to take advantage these opportunities by introducing variety of new Proton car’s model in order to give variety of Proton cars for their customer to choose. In Malaysia, PROTON ranked second in terms of market share at 26%. With proper sales and marketing strategy combined with product launches of the Exora MC, Saga FL and Inspira, the performance in FY 10/11 was 3% higher at 162,012 units compared to 157,170 units in FY09/10.The launch of the latest addition, Proton Inspira, to the family, has allowed PROTON to capture more customers from different segments. The new sporty sedan contributed 6% to our monthly sales, the fourth largest contributor after the Saga, Persona and Neo. Saga remained the strongest contributor making up 45% of sales, continuing this multi award winning car’s reign as the most preferred amongst PROTON models especially after the introduction of the Saga FL. The introduction of Exora MC has also enabled PROTON to maintain their MPV sales performance while offering their customers a fresher look and feel. Besides that PROTON also had export their car to the international market such as China, Australia and Middle East Region.For the year 2011, the five top performing markets were Thailand, Australia, Indonesia, Egypt and Syria. In Thailand, Proton models were gaining higher acceptance gauging from various feedback from the customers, dealers, motorshows and mass media. The Exora received accolades as one of the Top Ten Passenger Cars 2010 in the Bangkok Post. The introduction of Saga FL and improvement initiatives at dealer network will be a hopeful stream for PROTON to achieve greater success. In Indonesia, PROTON has established itself as the 12th top brand in the market and managed to increase volume by 23% in 2010, in which the Exora has again been the best selling model and has remained the core product for PROTON Indonesia.With the current outlook and barring any unforeseen circumstances, PT PEI is expected to perform better in the new fiscal year. In 2010 China continued to record robust growth with 18. 1 million vehicles sold which represent a 33% increase over 2009. The growth was mainly powered by favorable government incentives, urban economic development and China’s stimulus package to boost the economy. PROTON expect China’s long-term growth to remain intact and continue in the next few years due to the current low motorization r ate and buoyant economy. CAAM (China Association of Automotive Manufacturers) expects China’s TIV to reach 20 million units in 2011.To accelerate PROTON’s strategy into China and serve the market better, PROTON will upgrade the current Representative Office in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province to a Wholly Owned Foreign Entity (WOFE) in Shanghai which will be operational by end 2011. The WOFE will allow PROTON to conduct business and pursue new opportunities in China. The Satria Neo, Artiga Concept Car and Lotus Europa were displayed during the Shanghai Motor Show in April 2011 to enable PROTON to gauge market acceptance and pursue future opportunities for these products. Currently, PROTON cars are being sold under the Youngman brand through 100 appointed dealers throughout China.Thailand’s automotive industry in 2010 showed a significant increase of 46% against 2009 despite domestic political instability. The remarkable growth in the Thai automotive industry is due in part to the reduction in excise duties for small passenger cars. This reduced the prices of cars and the added advantage of credit availability was instrumental in increasing demand. The rise in petroleum prices did little to dampen the automotive market growth in Thailand. PROTON continues to make headway in the Thai market with our strategy of practical designs at affordable prices. The Proton Exora which was introduced in December 2009 was voted as a Top 10 model by Bangkok Post for the year 2010.In 2010 PROTON also saw the introduction of Saga FL in the market, competing heads on with Eco cars. Currently, through PROTON Thailand distributor, Phranakorn Auto Sales Co. Ltd (PAS), PROTON has a network of 40 dealers (all 3S outlets) throughout Thailand. The current in service models consist of Savvy, Saga FL, Neo, Neo CPS, Gen. 2, Persona and Exora. PT Proton Edar Indonesia (PT PEI) was established on 16 August 2002 but commenced full operations on 16 March 2007, as part of PROTONà ¢â‚¬â„¢s brand expansion and AMLO strategies to spread out its presence intensely and dynamically. PT PEI till end 2010 offered the Indonesian market seven attractive models to target the different segments.The models are Savvy, launched in July 2007, that received 2 Awards for Best City Car from Majalah Mobil Motor and Auto Bild Indonesia; the Gen. 2 and Neo (also launched in 2007), with the more sporty and stylish outlook within the hatchback categories and not forgetting the highly comfortable and functional mini sedan class, the Gen. 2 Persona, and Waja (launched July 2007) and the Saga (launched March 2009). Saga has won the â€Å"2009 Best Budget Sedan†, awarded by Indonesia Otomotif Awards. In a country where there is a large preference for MPVs, the Proton Exora gathered the most accolades. This model has become the biggest sales contributor to PT PEI since its launch and debut at the Indonesian International Motor Show in 2009.Exora has been awarded by Indonesia Otom otif Awards the â€Å"2011 Best Budget MPV†. On the dealer network aspect as of 31st March 2011, PT PEI has appointed 17 sales outlets and 30 after-sales service centres or authorized workshops throughout Indonesia and PT. PEI is looking at expanding its sales coverage to 25 outlets in FY 2011/2012. Over this period the Australian industry volume increased by 10. 5% compared to the previous year. Improved economic conditions and heavy promotion by industry competitors lead to an overall volume of 1. 035 million sales. The sales result was the second highest annual volume recorded in the Australian market. Proton Cars Australia recorded a 16. % increase in sales on the back of the improved trading environment. The main sales increase came from the successful launch of the S16 (Saga) which was overwhelmingly accepted by the Australian public 4. Proton Financial Aspects | |2007 |2008 |2009 |2010 |2011 | |Revenue |4687. 3 |5621. 6 |6486. 6 |8226. 9 |8969. 9 | |Profit/(Loss) bef ore taxation |-618. 1 |144. 3 |-319. 2 |260. 9 |214. | |Profit/(Loss) after taxation |-589. 5 |184. 6 |-301. 8 |218. 9 |155. 6 | |Retained earnings attributable to shareholders |4319. 2 |4476. 2 |4174. 5 |4372. 8 |4526. 4 | |Dividend paid |-27. 5 |- |-20. 6 |- |-82. 4 | |Retained earnings carried forward |4291. 7 |4476. 2 |4153. 9 |4372. 8 |4444 | Table 1. 1 Table of Financial Summary & Highlights [pic] Graph 1. 1 Graph of Sales in 5 years [pic] Graph 1. Graph of Net Income/Loss in 5 years In the financial year 2007, the weakened industry state of affairs and the cumulative impact of various legacy issues had adversely affected PROTON during the financial year under review. Domestic sales volume for the period declined by 46. 8% to 88,635 units in comparison to the 166,656 units recorded in the previous financial year. PROTON's market share in Malaysia also declined to 29. 7% during the financial year compared to 39. 1% in the previous year, due to persistent competitive pressures w ithin the automotive sector. Such conditions and circumstances have led PROTON to a net loss after tax of RM590 million on a turnover of RM4. billion, as compared to the previous year's results of a net profit after tax of RM46 million on a turnover of RM7. 8 billion. The Group's losses for this financial year were also accentuated by various provisions, which included right-sizing costs incurred by a foreign subsidiary, higher component and raw material costs as well as the impact of legacy issues such as additional expenditure recognized in respect of vendor claims for previous years' project development costs and settlement of onerous contractual obligations previously committed. In addition, accounting adjustments to PROTON's deferred tax assets also adversely impacted the financial results. Accordingly, for the financial year ended 31 March 2009, PROTON recorded a loss after tax of RM301. million albeit on the back of improved revenue of RM6. 5 billion. This decline was largely due to the one-off exceptional provision for the impairment of property, plant and equipment and inventory write-down for certain models impacted by declining demand. Additionally, PROTON’s financial performance for the second half of the financial year was also adversely affected by the accelerated amortization of dies and jigs for certain models as well as higher commodity prices, increased costs of components and raw materials which arose from higher foreign currency exchange rates, particularly, the Japanese Yen and the US Dollar, coupled with allowance for doubtful debts.During the financial year 2011, the Group recorded a net profit of RM156 million (2010: RM219 million) which was lower than the previous financial year. The decrease was substantially due to higher losses from Lotus Group International Limited (‘LGIL’) whilst better contribution from the Proton cars business partly offset the decline. Growth in domestic sales volume, as well as introduction of models with better profit margins mainly accounted for the improved performance of Proton cars. In line with its transformation plans, LGIL incurred higher branding, marketing and restructuring costs in the rebuilding of the brand and improving production capabilities respectively. PROTON ranked second in terms of market share at 26%.With proper sales and marketing strategy combined with product launches of the Exora MC, Saga FL and Inspira, the performance in FY 10/11 was 3% higher at 162,012 units compared to 157,170 units in FY09/10. In terms of Service Marketing, more intense activities are being carried out to capture the â€Å"after warranty† customers in order to promote their visits to Proton EdarSdnBhd (PESB) service centres. Better values for money packages have been introduced to boost the said segment. In addition, tactical campaigns are also implemented every quarter to induce the element of surprise and enhance a ‘feel good’ sentiment among our customers. 5. Marketing Mix StrategiesIn Malaysia for the last 10 years, the car industry was practically taken over by Proton brand. 70 percent of vehicle sold are Proton sales. Some 25 other manufacturers compete for the remaining 30 percent. The previous best selling car like Nissan Sunny was totally wipe out almost overnight since Proton huge takeover in market sales more than 10 years ago. A marketing mix consists of four items or the four basic marketing mix tools that is product, price, place and promotion. This tools make up the marketing or advertising programs a company uses to entice consumers into purchasing specific types of products. Successful strategies typically maximize each piece of the marketing mix.Many people think a product is tangible, but a product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need, including physical goods, services, experiences, events, person, places, properties, organizations, information and ideas, (Kotler , 2012). In PROTONcontex, product refers to cars that Proton produce like Proton Saga, Proton Iswara, Proton Wira, Proton Satria, Proton Perdana, Proton Tiara, Proton Putra, Proton Savvy, Proton Gen2, Proton Persona, Proton Exora and Proton Inspira. PROTON offer unquestionably the best warranty package of any manufacturer and the most important part being the power train warranty, which guarantees the engine and transmission assemblies against failure for six years.The PROTON Invention and Innovation Competition (PICC) which was established in 2009 is an annual events which enables PROTON staff to generate new ideas and interest in creating next generation cars and also for employee to feel that their ideas and contribution are valued by the company. In marketing mix, price is the amount of money charged for each item. Before the product is developed, the marketing strategy is formulated, including target market selection and product positioning. There usually is a tradeoff between product qua lity and price, so price is an important variable in positioning. Because of inherent tradeoffs between marketing mixelements, pricing will depend on other product, distribution and promotion decisions.PROTON car has varieties types of car price according to their models offered. Generally consumers feel that the prices of PROTON’s products are affordable as compared with other brands in the category with which it compete. Pricing for PROTON car will eventually affects other marketing mix elements such as product features, distribution channel decisions and the aggressively promotion held nationwide. Place is the location at which customer purchases the product, including stores and websites. Proton has two distribution channels which are PROTON EDAR and EON. With this two distribution channels all prospect customer can easily accessible as it can be reached in all major towns in Malaysia.Besides that PROTON also opened a branch at another countries like China, Thailand, Indo nesia, Singapore, Australia and United Kingdom. China In 2010, China continued to record robust growth with 18. 1 million vehicles sold which represent 33% increase over 2009. The growth was mainly powered by favourable government incentives, urban economic development and China’s stimulus package to boost the economy. PROTON expect China’s long term growth to remain intact and continue in the next few years due to the current low motorisation rate and buoyant economy. CAAM (China Association of Automotive Manufacturers) expects China’s TIV to reach 20 milion units in 2011. Thailand PROTON continues to make headway in the Thai market with strategy of practical design at affordable prices.The Proton Exora which was introduced in December 2009 was voted as a Top 10 model by Bangkok Post for the year 2010. In 2010, PROTON also saw the introduction of Saga FL in the market, competing heads on with Eco cars. Currently, through PROTON Thailand distributor, Phranakorn Auto Sales Co. , Ltd (PAS), PROTON has network of 40 dealers (all 3S outlets) throughout Thailand. Indonesia PT Proton Edar Indonesia (PT PEI) was established on 16 August 2002 but commenced full operations on 16 March 2007, as part of PROTON’s brand expansion and AMLO strategies to spread out its presence intensely and dynamically. PT PEI till end 2010 offered the Indonesian market seven attractive models to target the different segments.The models are Savvy, launched in July 2007, that received 2 Awards for Best City Car from Majalah Mobil Motor and Auto Bild Indonesia, the Gen-2 and Neo also launched in 2007 with the more sporty and stylish outlook within the hatchback categories and not forgetting the highly comfortable and functional mini sedan class, the Gen-2, Persona and Waja launched July 2007 and the Saga launched March 2009. Saga has won the â€Å"2009 Best Budget Sedan† awarded by Indonesia Otomotif Awards. Singapore The new car market in Singapore is regul ated by the Certificate of Entitlement quota (CEO) which is issue by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). TIV has consistently outgrown the road space development which leads the LTA to introduce a drastic change in the formulation of quota supply.This new measure has created a drastic decline of quota supply and as a S$18,502 to S$47,604) within the year 2010 which is a ten year record high. Australia Over this period the Australian industry volume increased by 10. 5% compared to the previous year. Improved economic conditions and heavy promotion by industry competitors lead to an overall volume of 1. 035 million sales. The sales result was the second highest annual volume recorded in the Australian market. PROTON Cars Australia recorded a 16. 1% increase in sales on the back of the improved trading environment. The main sales increase came from the successful launch of the S16 (Saga) which was overwhelmingly accepted by the Australian public. United KingdomThe retail buyer segment saw a 7% decrease in sales and this would have been significantly lower had it not been supported by the government scrappage scheme which ended in the first half of 2010. High fuel prices and economic factors drove demand for smaller more fuel-efficient cars, with â€Å"B† segment (Supermini) vehicles accounting for 37% market share and diesel vehicles increased consumer demand for these models. Promotion is the communication method companies use to inform customers about goods and services. The very first promotion Proton used was to organize the car naming contest, and it was from here that a certain brand belonging patriotism towards Proton SAGA name was instill among Malaysian.The government itself also relentlessly pursue the promotion of Proton car on a nationwide scale with the Prime Minister launching almost every new model category in the Proton car lineage. This itself has been widely covered in all major newspaper for the benefit of market brand awareness. As in r ecently the Prime Minister as a prime mover in promoting PROTON cars have launched numerous world events namely the World Cup Golf ’99, and Le Tour De Langkawi, awarding a Proton car to its winners. The recent achievement of Malaysian athletes who had set and broken records in Kuala Lumpur 98XVI Commonwealth Games was also not forgotten, as the athletes were each awarded a Proton PERDANA.Besides this Proton through its marketing arm EON, have also been sponsoring world events to promote the car namely, FIFA/Coca Cola IXth World Youth Club, 34th International Youth Skill Olympics, Motor Rallying Activities and the Malaysia Thomas Cup team to restore the badminton glory. These intensive promotions especially at world function have nevertheless promoted Proton Proton cars to a vast majority of people in Malaysia as well as overseas. Marketing mix strategies concern either one item or the entire group. For example, product strategies may consist of selling brand new items or subs tituting goods for item already in the market. Prices can be extremely high to create a sense of exclusiveness or inexpensive. The place may be in-store or at special location, with wide ranging promotion using multiple methods. All four pieces of the marketing mix helps companies set the price for their goods and services.In economic term, the best price is at equilibrium, or the price at which consumers will buy the most products and the company will make the most profit. 6. Forecasting for the Near Future To say that a lot has happened recently to the world of automotive marketing and CRM would be an understatement. Since the days when marketing managers were schooled in the marketing mix of the four â€Å"Ps† — Product, Price, Place and Promotion — practitioners have applied these fundamentals in time- and battle-tested ways, ever honing their craft. Marketing as we have known it is undergoing a radical transformation as the internet plays an ever-increasing role in consumers' lives. For consumers, the internet has become the primary research tool used to determine the best car to purchase.And for Proton, it is now the path to reach and learn from these consumers — providing automotive professionals with a vastly better way to quantify and qualify the most important aspects of consumer attitudes, shopping behaviors, vehicle demand and the conversion of demand to sales. The internet has enabled customer acquisition techniques and efficiencies that were never before possible. Furthermore, it has enhanced the quality of intelligence and accelerated its availability. Given the power that these changes have ushered in, we can no longer rely on the traditional â€Å"P's†, lest we fall victim to what marketing guru Ted Levitt referred to as â€Å"marketing myopia. † The fundamentals are no longer adequate to effectively win and keep consumers and, as such, a powerful new entrant — a fifth ‘P' — has eme rged in the marketing model: Process.Process calls for grounding tactical and strategic marketing decisions in the insights that can be drawn from online consumer data and leveraged across the predecessor Ps. With Process, online data regarding consumer preferences and shopping behavior is used to precisely pinpoint, measure and analyze consumer activity and build more effective marketing programs that cost-effectively increase sales and profit per vehicle. With more than two-thirds of new vehicle buyers going online to research purchases before buying a new vehicle, insights derived from these data can be used to develop highly customized marketing programs geared toward consumers' specific purchasing behavior.In short, Process, powered by online data, enables companies to quickly optimize the return on their marketing investments and drive overall marketing efficiency. It is no longer enough to place a product and price and promote it; instead, marketers must ‘connect the do ts' and utilize data to its fullest advantage to transform the way they identify and reach potential buyers. There