Essay on Beliefs and Conflict in Things Fall Apart

Things Fall Apart is a story about personal beliefs and customs and also a story about conflict. There is struggle between family, culture, and religion of the Ibo people which is all brought on by a difference in personal beliefs and customs. There are the strong opinions of the main character, Okonkwo. We are also introduced to the views of his village, Umuofia. Finally, we see how things fall apart when these beliefs and customs are confronted by those of the white missionaries. Chinua Achebe is a product of both native and European cultures. This has a great effect on the telling of the story. When he tells the story with an understanding and personal experiences in both cultures. He does not portray the African culture and their†¦show more content†¦This is an example of the difference in personal beliefs among family. Some may say that the book is about the differences in beliefs between the Africans and the colonizers, but it is more than that. It is clear that it was Okonkwos personal beliefs and not necessarily the views of the people of Umuofia which guided him in what he did. One of these is his reliance in the strength of anger. Although he felt strongly in the beliefs and customs of the Ibo people, there are several occasions in which Okonkwo made a decision to disobey the customs in order to live out his own personal beliefs. For example, in chapter four, Okonkwo is yelled at by Ezeani, the priest of the earth goddess, for beating his wife during the sacred week of peace. Okonkwo did not feel remorse for his actions and probably thought of it as a sign of strength and manhood. Okonkwo was always worried about being seen as weak. One good 3 example of this is when he kills Ikemefuna. Okonkwo liked the boy because he saw several good qualities in him that he wished his own son possessed. He had to be killed because of one of their customs. When it came time to kill Ikemefuna, Okonkwo delivered the second and final blow from his machete and killed the boy so that people would not think that he was weak. After Ikemefuna was killed, Okonkwo was unable to eat or drink for days because he was upset. But, heShow MoreRelatedThings fall apart1057 Words   |  5 Pages Reflection on the novel Things Fall Apart The Idea of Culture in Things Fall Apart The novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe is a story about personal beliefs, customs and also about conflict. There is struggle between family and within culture and it also deals with the concept of culture and the notion of the values and traditions within a culture. The word culture is Latin and means to cultivate. To cultivate has several meanings; it can mean to plow, fertilize, raise and plantRead MoreCoculturalism And Cosmopolitanism1749 Words   |  7 Pagesharmony? The book Cosmopolitanism by Kwame Anthony Appiah is structured around the idea of cosmopolitanism, which invites people to take a step back and to realize that humans similarities and differences are a good thing and should be embraced, not disdained. The book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe tells the story of a man named Okonkwo who belongs to the Igbo tribe. Okonkwo started with nothing and worked his way up to become one of the most powerful men in his tribe. Towards the end of the bookRead More Confli ct and Tradition in Things Fall Apart Essay example748 Words   |  3 Pages Conflict and Tradition in Things Fall Apart nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The book Things Fall Apart successfully expressed how Chinua Achebe had succeeded in writing a different story. It pointed out the conflict of oneself, the traditional beliefs, and the religious matters of the Africans. Throughout the novel, Chinua Achebe used simple but dignified words and unlike other books, he also included some flashbacks and folktales to make the novel more interesting and comprehensibleRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1343 Words   |  6 Pagesattended the University of Ibadan and later became a professor at two different universities, David and Marianna Fisher University and Brown University. To educate and inform the Nigerian people of the Umuofia village, Achebe wrote the novel Things Fall Apart. He wants to demonstrate that the Umuofia people that they were not primitive prior to the arrival of the Europeans. His purpose is to inform the Umuofias that the Europeans did not create the culture of their villages . To convey his messageRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1290 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Culture that he experienced when he was younger. In the book, Things Fall Apart, author, Chinua Achebe, introduces the reader to an entirely new side of African culture, and the changes brought when outside forces collided with a different culture through the author’s characterization, the novel’s theme, and the author’s purpose. Chinua Achebe uses characterization in the first part of Things Fall Apart to introduce the beliefs and male gender expectations of the people of the Ibo culture. AchebeRead More Things Fall Apart Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. New York, New York Copyright 1959 Author Biography Albert Chinualumogu Achebe, or Chinua Achebe, was born November 16, 1930, in Ogidi, Nigeria. His parents were Janet N. Achebe, and Isaiah Okafo, a teacher in a missionary school. Mr. Achebe was educated at the University College of Ibadan, but also attended Government College in 1944. He wrote his first novel, Things Fall Apart, in 1958. During the Biafran War,Read MoreA Civilization Falls Apart Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagessemi-dignified European society. The novel Things Fall Apart by Nigerian-born author Chinua Achebe, tells the story of a Umuofian villager named Okonkwo, and how Okonkwo has to come to grips with the changes that are happening in everyday Ibo life. The novel Things Fall Apart is not your typical tall African tale. The novel is a story, a story not just about one person, but about an entire civil-society circa 1890s that becomes overwhelmed with the ideas and beliefs of the European colonizers, or asRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1341 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesThings Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, is set in Nigeria during the 1890’s. The novel focuses on the clash between Nigeria’s white government and the culture of the Igbo people. Learning to Bow: Inside the Heart of Japan, by Bruce Feiler, covers Feiler’s journey to Japan to teach English and American culture for a year in the 1980’s. Throughout each novel, the reader is presented many different elements of each societies beliefs and culture. The central conflict surrounding each novel involves oneRead MoreThings Fall Apart913 Words   |  4 PagesThings Fall Apart The theme of the book Things Fall Apart, which focuses on the breakdown of a society as well as the main character’s personal breakdown, stems from many conflicts of interests and misunderstandings throughout the book. There is not one single moment in the book where everything falls apart, but many times throughout. In the beginning a lot of problems arise from Okonkwo’s anger problems, and his inability to see other’s views. His ignorance is what ultimately leads to his exileRead MoreAnalysis Of Things Fall Apart 1027 Words   |  5 PagesConflict With in Friends â€Å"Turning and turning in the widening gyre The falcon cannot hear the falconer; Things fall apart; the center cannot hold; Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.† The author, Achebe, uses part of the poem â€Å"The Second Coming,† and hints at the turmoil that is intensifying as the community falls within the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† (Yeats, 1) The African tribal system is beginning to have many cultural and tradition changes while

Superstition in Huckleberry Finn Free Essays

Superstition If you step on a crack, you will break your mamma back, keep cats away from babies because they suck the breath of the child, and cross my heart and hope to die, cut my throat if I tell a lie are examples of some superstitions that people believe in. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, superstition is a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a false conception of causation. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim and Huck use and believe in many superstitions. We will write a custom essay sample on Superstition in Huckleberry Finn or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many examples from the book that show this in the characters. Most of the superstitions are ridiculous, but some actually make a little sense. In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, one of the main themes he uses in this book is superstition and two main characters that have attitudes that are different and similar towards superstition is Huck and Jim. Huck at the beginning of the story wasn’t superstitious at all. He thought Jim was crazy for being superstition. Huck weakly believes in superstition but later in the story his views changes. Huck killed a rattlesnake and placed it on the foot of Jim blanket, Jim see the dead rattlesnake with his mater and told Huck that this was bad luck. Huck later says â€Å"I made up mmind I wouldn’t ever take a-holt of a snake-skin again with my hands, now that I see what had come of it†(pg53); this mean that he do not really know all the superstitious things because he placed the dead rattlesnake at the foot of Jim’s blanket, just joking around, and he found out what happens as the effect of the joke. During this time Huck become a firm believer in superstition. Huck helps his friend Tom use superstition to help Jim escape by telling Jim’s keeper, Nat, who believes witches are haunting him, that the only cure is to bake a witch pie and give it to Jim. In the witch pie there were things that were going to help Jim escape. Next Jim views about superstition are different than Huck. Unlike Huck, he is a very superstitious man and used it for almost everything in life. He also does not joke around with superstition, unlike Huck. Jim uses superstition to fill the things he didn’t learn or understood in life. Jim uses superstition for a sign for all things that happen in nature. One example of this is, â€Å"Some young birds come along, flying a yard or two at a time and lighting. Jim said it was a sign that it was going to rain†(pg45). Jim looks at the birds and can tell that it is going to rain. Since there were no weather devices in the eighteen hundreds, signs like these were used to predict the weather. Jim view superstition by his faith by thinking the hairball is a magic spirit. Superstition kind of motivates him to escape to freedom because he found out that he was going to be sold for a high price because he believes if your chest is hairy you are worth a lot of money; which encourages him to escape his owner, Ms. Watson. Although Huck and Jim have different views on superstition, they also have views that are the same. They both do things that would stop the superstition from bringing bad luck. For example during the rattlesnake episode, Jim tells Huck to chop off the snake’s head, then skin the body of the snake and put it around his wrist, so he would not be cursed. They become irrational when anything remotely superstitious happens to them. They also think when something bad happens to them it is the effect of the superstitious act that they did. In conclusion, in Mark Twain’s novel, â€Å"The Adventures Huckleberry Finn†, he uses superstition to show many points. Mark Twain uses superstition to show contrast between an organized, Christian religion and believing in and superstitions and one’s own beliefs. As Huckleberry Finn and Jim are hurled back and forth between these two different faiths, the reader gets a keen idea of the beliefs and lifestyles people followed living in this story. He uses it to serves foreshadow the plot at several key junctions. For example, spilling salt leads to Pa returning for Huck. Overall, superstition is used in â€Å"The Adventures Huckleberry Finn† as a way to share Mark Twain’s own opinion on religion and refined living with his readers and help them to understand the good and bad of both ways of living. How to cite Superstition in Huckleberry Finn, Papers

Feminism in the Story of an Hour free essay sample

Feminism can be traced in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† which is about an hour in the life of the main character Mrs. Mallard . . In this story, a woman named Mrs. Mallard believes her husband to be dead, and at first, is very sad. Then, as her independence sinks in, she is elated with the idea of her newfound freedom. At last, she discovers that her husband has not died and she is so surprised that she dies of heart disease. The story shows the thoughts and emotions that can support the feminist theory. At the beginning of the story, Mrs. Mallard is overcome with grief with the loss of her husband. This shows that the female is an emotional person compared to men. It was natural to know that she would be upset with the death of her husband, but the story had both her sister and her husband’s friend be there to break the news to her. Mrs. Mallard has heart problems which can make the reader see her as a weaker person right at the beginning of the story. From the start, we as readers are told to see Mrs. Mallard as a naturally weaker character. the story reveals that society is a patriarchal society . So the female has no real authority or important role. She is inferior than man . She is dependent on man. The female is regarded as a fragile creature. Mrs Mallard has been oppressed in her marriage. Chopin suggests that all marriages, even the kindest ones, are inherently oppressive. Louise, who readily admits that her husband was kind and loving, nonetheless feels joy when she believes that he has died. Louise views Brently’s death as a release from oppression. She never names a specific way in which Brently oppressed her, hinting instead that marriage in general stifles both women and men. She even seems to suggest that she has oppressed Brently just as much as he has oppressed her. Louise’s epiphany in which these thoughts parade through her mind reveals the inherent oppressiveness of all marriages, which by their nature rob people of their independence. After she hears the news of her husband’s death Mrs Mallard ‘s character starts to appear as a feminist character. She goes to her room. After she sits down, Mrs. Mallard begins to appear as a stronger woman which is where the feminist theory takes effect. She looks out of the house through the large open window which could also signify the open opportunities available to her now. She begins to see how her marriage made her into a lesser person. She realizes that she has been living her life through limitations caused from being married. Mrs. Mallard knows that she can begin to live for herself. The story says, â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.    This quote shows the feminist theory that it was assumed women were oppressed and shows the patriarchal ideology. She was bending her will and freedom to a white man that held all of the control in the relationship. Marriage, in this story, appears to be the male having complete control over the woman. It also seems like Mrs. Mallard thought that she wasn’t even allowed to have her own thoughts which was probably true. To question your husban d at this period in time meant that you were being an out of control wife. Mrs. Mallard goes on to realize how much she really does not love her husband. She doesn’t feel the need to have guilt over it since he is already gone. She finally breaks away from the role forced onto her as the perfect wife and can begin to stop holding herself back. This can show the reader that a woman at this time might not even be aware of just how much of herself she has to hold back when married. It seems like Mrs. Mallard didn’t allow herself the thoughts of being completely free from him and what she will be able to do when he’s no longer around, until he was actually dead. The window in the story can symbolize an escape from the traditional gender roles according to the feminist theory. The big comfortable chair is located right in front of it, comfortable possibly meaning that she shouldn’t fear being uncomfortable escaping the typical gender role and becoming an independent woman. Once she sits in the chair she notices all the beautiful things going on outside, â€Å"the trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life† is referring to her new life as a woman breaking free from traditional gender roles and experiencing woman’s rights. When her husband who is actually never really dead in the first place came inside, Mrs. Mallard died right there because when she sees her husband, all her feminine freedom is crashing down around her and now that she has seen the freedom she could have as free woman she could never go back to being under the control of a man and ever be happy again. â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of the joy that kills† means that when a man has control over a woman, it’s like a disease on the woman’s heart and it’s not healthy to give in to inequality, eventually it will kill them. Once she gets to experience the delights of woman’s rights and freedom the thought of being without that kills her, literally. The images of feminism in the story There are different images in the story that reflect the idea of feminism. After Mrs. Mallard knows that her husband died , she does not just sit there paralyzed by how her life will be over without him. However, immediately , she goes to her room alone to be at once with her thoughts. She sinks into a comfortable chair and is haunted by her horrible news. This is where Mrs. Mallard becomes filled with an inner joy slowly. She looks out her window and sees the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all  aquiver with the new spring life. The chair was facing the open window showing the reader that she has sat there many times before, maybe longing for a life she could not have, seeing all the possibilities in life out before her. Seeing all of this begins to put her in a different frame of mind to appreciate her newfound freedom. She smells rain in the air. ‘’ she felt it creeping out of the sky reaching toward her through the sounds , the scents , the color that filled air’’. In other words, she hears the sounds of life all around her. She smells the scent of a fresh start where the rain washes everything clean. She begins to imagine herself in her new beginning as though her very life is washed clean by the rain. This reveals as if she sees life for the first time and starts to enjoy nature . However, at this point, When she  abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped  her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath:  free, free, free! . She anticipates her own freedom as much as she tries to stop the thoughts. This reflects strongly the theory of feminism which calls for the freedom of women. Blood begins to course through her body as she just begins to realize the unlimited choices in her new life. The ‘’ a monstrous joy ‘’is a metaphor that reflects her feeling of guilt because she is happy for her freedom. ‘’ free Free! Body and soul free!   she kept whispering . Tying back to the quote from the introduction, Mrs. Mallard realizes that body and soul are tied together and that she is completely free. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. The image ‘’ she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of victory’’ is very effective. Comparing her to a goddess of victory shows the immense power she feels at being free. She now sees a future when before people were afraid to tell her the truth. Having the story end with Mrs. Mallard dying and society thinking it was joy of seeing The patriarchal images in the story. The story reflects the strict patriarchal society at that time . this is stressed even in the name of Mrs . Mallard . hroughout the story the main character is not named by her name but by her husband’s which shows how society is restricted at that time and does not give women any importance or freedom. The image ‘’There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul. ’’ He r tiredness is caused not only by â€Å"the storm of grief† experienced by Louise after hearing the news of her husband’s death, but also by a long-time of self-control or suppression in the conventional and patriarchal environment. he is defined as a self-less woman who is attached to Mr. Brently Mallard as his wife, who does not have her own social status and who surely lacks her self identity. This female selflessness and lack of self-identity should be also considered part of the patriarchal suppression. The only time she gets back her own name, the symbol of her self-identity, is when her sister Josephine is calling her through the keyhole, and that is the time when Louise has achieved her self-assertion. The patriarchal suppression can be further proven by many deep ironies applied in the story. While other characters (Josephine and Richards) in the story think that Louise is in deep grief because of the news of her husband’s death, ironically she is actually experiencing â€Å"a monstrous joy† in her room. The story starts with the false death of Brently Mallard, but ends with the real death of Louise, and that Louise truly dies of the shock caused by the unwelcome and unexpected return of her husband, but the doctors, typical representatives of the patriarchal society, have claimed that Mrs. Mallard has died of â€Å"joy that kills. †4 At the end of the story, Louise’s husband, Brently Mallard, comes into the house with only two things: â€Å"his grip-sack and umbrella† (538). If we split the compound word â€Å"grip-sack† into â€Å"grip† and â€Å"sack,† we will easily find that the word â€Å"grip† means â€Å"a tight hold, strong grasp, the power to grasp,† while the word â€Å"sack† means either a large bag. Brent Mallard not only firmly grips Louise’s life but also tightly controls Louise’s fate by controlling her freedom and self-identity. Traditionally an umbrella usually symbolizes some kind of protection, and in the context of this story under discussion it still symbolizes a kind of protection—the protection of marriage, the protection that Brently Mallard provides Louise as a husband to a wife, as a man to a woman in social and conventional terms. But this â€Å"so-called† social and conventional protection exactly proves that a woman exists only as a men’s wife without her own selfhood and self-identity This point can be further proven by the fact that Louise lives as Mrs. Mallard in life and dies as Brently Mallard’s wife, as she is called Mrs. Mallard in the very first sentence of the story and â€Å"his wife† at the very end of the story. . Her repression seems a matter of course for the people around her. Her sister and friend interpret her reactions according to their  model that a woman should be  grieved to see her husband die. The true irony lies at the end, where she is said  to have died of â€Å"the joy that kills† where the reader knows that it is more likely that she dies of extreme grief. In a way, she will not go back into her cage, even if the only option to keep her free lies in death. Furthermore, it is interesting how her death is worded-the doctors say that â€Å"she died of heart disease-the joy that kills†. It makes you wonder whether this sort of thing happens often for the doctors to have a label for it.

Memoirs of a student in manila free essay sample

When I had not yet seen other rivers except the river of my town, crystalline and gay in its winding course, shaded by murmuring bamboo groves; when my world was only circumscribed by the bluish mountains of my province and the white surface of the lake that I discerned from after through some ruins, sparkling like a mirror and filled with graceful sails, I like stories very much and I believed with all my heart everything the books contained, convinced that what was printed must perforce be the truth. And why not, since my parents, who punished me for the smallest lie, emphatically enjoyed me to attend to my books, to read them diligently and understand them. My first remembrance concerning letters goes back to my earliest age. I must be very small yet because when they polished the floor of our house with banana leaves, I would still fall slipping on the shiny surface as did the little skilled skaters on ice. We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs of a student in manila or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was still difficult for me to climb up a chair, I went down the stairs step by step, holding on to every baluster, and in our house as in the whole town, petroleum was unknown, or had I seen until that time any quinque, (34) nor had any carriage ever passed through the streets of my town that I believed to be the summum(35) of joy and animation. One night, when everybody at home was already asleep, when all the lights in the globes (36) had already been put out by blowing them off by means of a curved tin tube which seemed to me the most exquisite and wonderful toy in the world, I don’t know why my mother and I had remained watching beside the only light that in all Philippine houses burned all night long, and that went out precisely at dawn waking the people with its cheerful hissing. My mother then was still young. After a bath her hair which she let down to dry, dragged half a handbreadth on the floor, by which reason she knotted its end. She taught me to read in Amigo de los Ninos, a very rare book, an old edition, which had lost its cover and which a very industrious sister of mine had covered again by pasting on its back a thick blue paper, the remnant of the wrapper of a bolt of cloth. My mother undoubtedly annoyed at hearing me read pitifully, for, as I didn’t understand Spanish, I could not give meaning to the phrases, took away the book from me. After scolding me for the drawings I had made on its pages, with legs and arms extended like a cross, she began to read asking me to follow her example. My mother, when she cold still see, read very well, recited, and knew how to make verses. How many times during Christmas vacation afterwards, she corrected my poems, making very apt observations. I listened to her full of childish admiration. Marveling at the ease with which she made them and at the sonorous phrases that she cold get from some pages that cost me so much effort to read and that I deciphered haltingly. Perhaps my ears soon got tired of hearing sounds that to me meant nothing. Perhaps due to my natural distraction, I gave little attention to the reading and watched more closely the cheerful flame around which some small moths fluttered with playful and uneven flight, perhaps I yawned, be it what it might, the case was that my mother, realizing the little interest that I showed, stopped her reading and said to me: â€Å"I’m going to read to you a very pretty story; be attentive. † Upon hearing the word story I opened my eyes expecting a new and wonderful one. I looked at my mother who leafed through the book as if looking for it, and I got ready to listen with impatience and wonder. I didn’t suspect that in that old book that I read without understanding, there could be stories and pretty stories. My mother began to read to me the fable of the young and the old moths, translating it to me piece by piece into Tagalog. At the first verses my attention redoubled in such a way that I looked towards the light and fixed my attention on the moths that fluttered around it. The story could not have been more opportune. My mother emphasized and commented a great deal on the warnings of the old moth and directed them to me as if to tell me that these applied to me. I listened to her and what a rare phenomenon the light seemed to me more beautiful each time, the flame brighter, and I even envied instinctively the fate of those insects that played so cheerfully in its magical exhalation. Those that had succumbed were drowned in the oil; they didn’t frighten me. My mother continued her reading, I listened anxiously, and the fate of the two insects interested me intensely. The light agitated its golden tongue on one side, a singed moth in one of these movements fell into the oil, clapped its wings for sometime and died. That assumed for me that the flame and the moths were moving far away, very far, and that my mother’s voice acquired a strange, sepulchral timbre. My mother finished the fable. I was not listening; all my attention, all my mind and all my thoughts were concentrated on the fate of that moth, young, dead, full of illusions. â€Å"You see? † my mother said to me taking me to bed. â€Å"Don’t imitate the young moth and don’t be disobedient; you’ll get burned like it. † I don’t know if I replied, promised something, or cried. The only thing I remember is that it took me a long time before I could sleep. That story had revealed to m e tings unknown to me until then. To me moths ceased to be insignificant insects; moths talked and knew how to warn and advise as well as my mother did. The light seemed to be more beautiful, dazzling, attractive. I understand why moths fluttered around lights. Advices and warnings resounded feebly in my ears. What preoccupied me most was the death of the imprudent, but at the bottom of my heart, I didn’t blame it. My mother’s solicitude didn’t have all the success that she hoped it would. No; many years have elapsed; the child has become a man; has plowed [sailed Zaide] the most famous foreign rivers and meditated besides their copious streams. The steamship has taken him across the seas and all the oceans; he has climbed the region of perpetual snow on mountains very much higher than the Makiling of his province. From experience he has received bitter lessons, oh, infinitely more than the sweet lesson that his mother gave him, and nevertheless the man preserves the heart of a child and he believes that light is the most beautiful thing there is in creation and that it is worthy for a man to sacrifice his life for it.

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem The role of insight and creativity in problem-solving A problem is the gap between what is expected and what is already happening. Thus, in bridging this gap, a person can generate solutions through insight in that this person strives to understand the principles, which might feed into the solutions. Here, the person begins solving the problem by considering the requirements and interrelated elements regarding the problem before seeking a common plan that might lead to the desired goal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem-Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, direction and flexibility are important aspects in the process of insightful problem-solving because the person involved directs the steps to finding a solution through a pre-determined plan while adjusting and modifying the plan along the way (Rickards, 1997, pp. 2-6). On the other hand, creativity in prob lem-solving follows a classical model, which holds that the problem-solving process entails four distinct phases including preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. In the preparation step, the person involved in problem-solving begins by identifying the problem before gathering information regarding the possible solutions to the problem through conscious thinking. However, solutions may not be reached during the preparation phase and therefore the person goes into the incubation phase whereby the person may give up or continue considering different aspects of the problem, and in the process, restructuring the possible solutions subconsciously. This process produces tentative solutions, which can be synthesized further in the illumination (insight) phase. Finally, the solutions identified undergo checks, further development, and refinement during the validation phase before they are implemented (Rickards, 1997, p. 10). The whole process is cyclic in nature because if the solutions fail the verification step, one needs to start all over again. Overall, the four-step creative process is a widely accepted model in solving various problems. The functions of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making in problem-solving Problem-solving is the process of developing the options, which guide the process of decision-making. Therefore, the first step toward solving a problem entails decision-making in which the best solution to a problem is selected from a variety of options (Lee Arthur, 1975, p. 3). Accordingly, sound judgment and logical reasoning inform the process of decision-making and therefore, problem-solving in different aspects. Here, judgment is defined as the ability to solve various problems when there is no right or wrong answer during the period of making decisions. Therefore, judgment is an imperative in unique situations, which require one to weigh all the factors affecting the situation before incorporating personal experience, intuitions, and various initiatives in making workable decisions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, judgment is unique to specific situations, and thus, it is bound to change from one situation to another. As a result, it is imperative that people are trained on various ways of choosing the ingredients and other interrelated elements of problem-solving so that they are prepared to face unique situations when they arise (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 5-10). On the other hand, creative problem-solving involves the interplay of three major activities in which the interaction between visual-spatial and analytical reasoning is one of them. Here, the two aspects of reasoning play a major role in problem-solving because creative thinking arises from visual thinking in that the visual images obtained from the surroundings through sense perception are incorporated into the process of finding solutions to problems, which are not observable in nature. Consequently, analytical reasoning aided by visual thinking contributes to the genesis of new ideas that feed into the process of creative problem-solving (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 10-23). References Lee, S.S., Arthur, S.E. (1975). Studies of problem solving, judgment, and decision making: Implications for educational research. Review of Research Education, 3, 3-42. Rickards, T. (1997). Creativity and problem-solving at work. Brookfield, USA: Gower Publishing Company.

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow & Luffa Cylindrica

Anti-cataract Activity of Abies Pindrow Luffa Cylindrica â€Å"Evaluation of in-vitro anti-cataract activity of Abies pindrow P

Picassos Three Musicians Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Picassos Three Musicians - Research Paper Example The essay "Picasso’s Three Musicians" gives a review on "Three Musicians", painting of Pablo Picasso. Picasso’s painting â€Å"Three Musicians† offers the viewer greater visual cues as to the intended subject than some of his other work. It was used to portray Picasso’s understanding of the realism of his subject by exploring the result of reflections of the artist’s pure emotion as it became associated with the subject’s elemental or primitive shapes and forms. In the early years of the 20th century, the industrial age led to the perfection of the photograph, which reduced the prestige of hand-made art as the primary means of image capture. In reaction to the idea that art offered no greater means of expression than the simple representation of the external world that was much more economically and efficiently captured by the camera, artists such as Pablo Picasso launched into abstraction. They developed the ideas of abstraction as a means o f representing the concept that there remained an element in the world that defied definition and could not be achieved by the photograph. This element was a concept they referred to as the sublime – an idea that remained just out of reach of definition and therefore could only be suggested, never represented. This element has also been referred to as the meaning of an image as opposed to its form. It was the conveyance of this meaning that these artists were trying to suggest was the result of the audience’s understandings of the artist’s conception.

Appellate brief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Appellate brief - Essay Example Unfortunately, the trial court on February 14, 2009, denied accepting the suggestion. The trial court established that’ â€Å"Under the circumstances, for all intents and purposes the suitcase was abandoned. The defendant did not express a possessory interest in the suitcase at anytime after he learned its location. Having been abandoned, the defendant had no expectation of privacy in it or in its contents† (Tr. At 40-41) (Congress 551). On March 6, 2009, Mr. Stewart engaged himself in a conditional guilty plea, determined to achieve his right to appeal by suppressing the judgment that was done against him (Doc. At 22) (Congress 551). The defendant was sentenced to 60 months imprisonment, followed up by 3 year period supervised release, on April 27, 2009. This is an appeal of the federal grand jury’s judgment that was entered on April 29, 2009. Summary of Arguments This is not the first time a case of this form was appearing before the Court. The court case invol ving United States and Arango, 912 F.2d 441 (10th Cir. 1990), ruled that anybody who has the legal right to the ownership of a personal property has the legal rights to prevent other people from searching it. Other ruling in a similar case between the United States and Jones, 707 F.2d 1169, (10th Cir. 1983), ruled that in situations such as this of United States Vs Steward, no prior or related appeals are made (Congress 552). This case, therefore presents a question of first order: Whether Mr. Stewart should be allowed to engage in an appeal system, or whether the Law Court should consider this case like one which does not require prior or related appeals. Discussion The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 set that a 5- and 10-year mandatory-minimum penalty will be issued to any subject found possessing drugs with the purpose of distributing depending on the nature and weights of the substances (Congress 539). Stewart was imprisoned for possessing 100 grams of heroine with objective of dist ributing. The court had earlier handled such two cases and gave rulings which are can help in understanding the case between United States Vs Stewart. The defendant is in a legitimate position as an American citizen, to defend his rights to appeal, so as to keep away other people from inspecting his property. But this condition is not easy to determine, because the process the defendant went through was such a complicated one that required more time and consideration. The trial Court was legally right to deny Mr. Stewart an opportunity to engage in an appeal that was intended to dismiss the charges against him. According to the former judgment, any person who has legal ownership of a property through existing proofs such as documents are the ones who are entitled to request for apple if their assets are illegally inspected without their consents (Congress 539). It should also be noted that the property that can be protected should not be illegal, property like bags carrying heroine, cocaine, bang, guns and other illegal property can be inspected by security officers even if the owner denies accepting inspection. Mr. Stewart, defendant, only claimed that the suitcase was his without providing any evidence. This left a question for proving whether the luggage was legitimately his. Because he was the only person who claimed the ownership of the property, the security had no otherwise but charges him accountable as the owner of the bag. The Airport security

Diversity Issues Essay Example for Free

Diversity Issues Essay Share some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues. Some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues, for example, are law enforcements inabilities to understand completely some of the minority group’s language, traditions, beliefs, lifestyles, religions, stereotyping, and profiling of minorities. Law enforcement also encounters cultural diversity issues with the different moral beliefs of ethnic groups, therefore, can interfere with relating to other minorities when faced with a situation. Law enforcement officers should focus on education, training, and gain knowledge of their local minorities to form a universal relationship with those minorities to avoid the cultural and ethical issues, which may raise suspicions when in turn it is the beliefs, morals, etc. of that minority rather than hiding something, or under the influences of drugs or alcohol. An example is with Asian and Hispanic females. Females in both these minority family environments are considered subordinate to men, and many are expected to take a role as the mother while the male counterparts are allowed to participate in social activities such as jobs, sports, clubs, afterschool activities, and such (Shapiro, 2002). Law enforcement encounters much problematic issues regarding the subordination of females by the male counterparts in these minorities, resulting in calls to the school systems because female Hispanics are prone to be hostile toward peers because of stress, which derives in the family and the attempting results to conform-assimilate with youths in America (Shapiro, 2002). Reference: Shapiro, M. (2002). Asian Culture Belief: Vietnam. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from http://www.ntac.hawaii.edu/downloads/products/briefs/culture/pdf/ACB-Vol2-Iss5-Vietnam.pdf https://www.google.com

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Congratulations everyone, congratulations. If you're participating in this graduation ceremony, you've taken the next step toward your future goals and dreams. For those of you that just finished your transfer degrees, congratulations. To those of you that came back to school after a few years off to get a better education, congratulations. To those of you that came to get a certificate or learn IT or computer programming so you can get a better job, congratulations. Now that you're moving on toward whatever your next step is in life - a university, the job market, whatever - you are more prepared and ready for that next step now. Little do you know, you now hold a distinct advantage because you graduated from Bulls Community College. You can "think critically," "interact in a diverse and complex environment," "learn actively" and "communicate with clarity and originality." Bulls knew how important these would be to you, so in every class they incorporated these learning outcomes into the syllabus...and every paper, every speech, every report, every blue book exam and every time ...

Characteristics of English Advertising

Characteristics of English Advertising 2. Definition of advertising As with any aspect of language contact phenomena, research on CS is plagued by the thorny issue of terminological confusion. Many linguists consider. (Romaine, 1994) Not all researchers use the same terms in the same way, nor do they agree on the territory covered by terms such as †¦. 2. 2 Classification of English advertising Research on †¦has recently been the subject of considerable debate. 2. 2. 1 Attitudes Should †¦in foreign language classroom settings will be mentioned with a critical perspective. 2. 2. 3 TwoAfter discussing what have been done on the issue of †¦worldwide, the following part now turn briefly to two pieces of research into the issue in China. 3 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. 3. 1 Principles 3. 1. 1 English t ranslation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. . 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 3. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field notes and transcripts were analyzed to flesh out major patterns in the teachers †¦ in the classroom. 4 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. . 1 English translation 4. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. 4. 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 4. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field

Examine Hamlet’s Relationship with Gertrude Essay

At the beginning of the play, during Hamlet’s first soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates suicide because he is so furious with his mother for marrying Claudius within a month of his father’s death. This is when Hamlet comments, ‘frailty thy name is woman’ to express his bitter feelings towards his mother for not only the speed of her remarriage and betrayal of his father, but the ‘dexterity to incestuous sheets’. The situation, and Hamlet’s reaction to it, is a trigger of an increasing negative attitude towards all women, viewing them as weak. It is shown through his relationships with Gertrude and Ophelia. The audience learn through the other characters that Hamlet has shown affections towards Ophelia; whether they are genuine and lasting feelings is uncertain as Leartes advices Ophelia that they are not. Leartes asks Ophelia to ‘hold it a fashion, and a toy in blood;/ A violet in the youth of primary nature.’ Leartes not only says that Hamlet’s feeling towards Ophelia is short-lived nonsense of his youth but highlights that ‘for he himself is subject to his birth’. Polonius also echoes a negative portrayal of Hamlet’s relationship with Ophelia as he advises her to ‘be somewhat scaner of your maiden presence’. Ophelia sees that Hamlet’s feelings are genuine as he ‘hath importuned me with love / In honourable fashion’ and ‘hath given countenance to his speech†¦ with almost all the holy vows of heaven’. However, she is obedient and follows the wishes of her brother and father to ‘keep as watchman to my heart’ or to not ‘give words or talk with the Lord’. The rejection of Hamlet by Ophelia is a significant influence in him believing that ‘frailty thy name is woman’ as Ophelia could be seen as weak for following the orders of others who assumed that Hamlet’s affections could not be trusted when she, herself, believed them to be true. Hamlet’s reaction to Ophelia’s rejection is extreme and she is ‘affrighted’ by his state of ‘knees knocking each other†¦ with a look so piteous in purport/ As if he had been loosed out of hell’. His bitterness has been exaggerated by the ‘antic disposition’ that he has adopted since learning that his father was murdered by his uncle from his father’s ghost. This would make him feel even more anger towards his mother for marrying Claudius. He is manipulated by the Ghost who encourages his frustration for her when he says, ‘ shameful lust/ The will of my most seeming-virtuous Queen’. Hamlet is in a vulnerable position as he is shocked by the revelations and is still grieving his father; it is comforting to ally his own feelings with his father’s in his resent towards Gertrude for marrying Claudius so soon after the King’s death and is quick to believe that he is a murderer. Hamlet follows the Ghost’s orders to not seek revenge on Gertrude but to ‘leave her to heaven’. Hamlet’s despise for Gertrude festers within him through the play and with it, his views of women. Hamlet follows the Ghost’s wishes not to take action against Gertrude and as a result he makes Ophelia suffer for his hatred of his mother. The extreme behaviour which Ophelia reports to her father leads Polonius to believe that he is ‘mad’ with the ‘very ecstasy of love’. Ophelia was obedient to her father’s wishes and ‘did repel his letters, and denied/ His access to me.’ In contrast to Hamlet’s ‘mad’ behaviour a letter written by him to Ophelia shows his strong feelings of affection towards her as he says, ‘To the celestial and my soul’s idol, the most/ beautified Ophelia’. The language is passionate in a very exaggerated style and shows that Hamlet had powerful emotions for her, and a rejection would cause an exaggerated reaction also. In conversation with Polonius, Hamlet’s bitter feelings towards women come out through quick and crude puns: ‘Let her walk not I’ th’ sun. Conception is a blessing, but not as your daughter may conceive’. This echoes Hamlet’s comment that ‘frailty thy name is woman’ as the punning suggests women are improper and easily influenced. In Hamlet’s next meeting with Ophelia he is harsh towards her and denies sending her letters but speaks abruptly to her, making connections between chastity, beauty and immorality. He repudiates Ophelia, the woman he once claimed to love, in the harshest terms and urges her to go to a nunnery as she ‘wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners’ and comments unfavourably on the flirtatious tricks of women such as ‘lisp’ and ‘nickname’. Hamlet says ‘we will have no more marriage’, this is not only because he believes women make ‘monsters’ of their husbands but the resent of his mother’s marriage to Claudius is also implied. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are sent to find out what is troubling Hamlet he feels betrayed his mother as his mother and Claudius are together plotting together ways spying on Hamlet; his mother is being led by Claudius. He goes on to say that he has lost all interest in life, ‘Man/ delights not me; no, nor woman either’. He talk of men and women separately suggesting that they are different creatures. During the play Hamlet is cold towards both Gertrude and Ophelia, when his mother asks him to sit by her he refuses as ‘metal more attractive’. He comments, ‘how cheerfully my mother looks, and my father died within these two hours’, and speaks of ‘country matters’ crudely to Ophelia. Hamlet is thinking about the way his mother has acted and as he cannot confront her he offends Ophelia. Even though it is not suggested that Gertrude connived at her husband’s murder, but by marrying Claudius she is guilty by association, â€Å"None wed the second but who killed the first’. It reminds the audience the way in which the circumstance has changed him to believe ‘frailty thy name is women’. Once the play has been stopped, Gertrude asks to speak to Hamlet which is when he confronts her about his feelings as before he had to ‘hold my tongue’. He tells her that it was Claudius ‘blasting his wholesome brother’. He asks why she would desert his father for his uncle and aggressively shames her ‘in the rank sweat of an enseamed bed/ Stewed in corruption, honeying, making love/ Over the nasty sty’. The audience recognise the crude language that he used when speaking to Ophelia as he condemns the ‘frail’ women. Gertrude is convinced mainly by Hamlet’s insistence and power of feeling, which illustrates her ‘frailty’ and tendency to be dominated by powerful men and her need for men to show her what to think and how to feel. Ophelia is driven mad by her father’s death and it contrasts strongly with Hamlet’s, differing primarily in its legitimacy: Ophelia does not feign madness to achieve an end, but is truly driven mad by the death of her father. After Polonius’s sudden death and Hamlet’s subsequent exile, she finds herself abruptly without any of them. She is obsessed with death, beauty, and an ambiguous sexual desire, expressed in startlingly frank imagery: ‘Young men will do’t, if they come to’t, By Cock, they are to blame. Quoth she ‘Before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed.’ Shakespeare has demonstrated her chaste dependence on the men in her life; similar to Gertrude’s character. Ophelia is in such a ‘frail’ state when in the same situation as Hamlet – their fathers both murdered – she commits suicide, which Hamlet also contemplated in his first soliloquy. Ophelia is associated with flower imagery from the beginning of the play. In her first scene, Polonius presents her with a violet; after she goes mad, she sings songs about flowers; and then she drowns amid long streams of them. The ‘fragile’ beauty of the flowers resembles Ophelia’s own ‘fragile’ beauty, as well as her nascent sexuality and her exquisite, doomed innocence. Despite Hamlet’s harsh treatment of Ophelia, Hamlet is grief-stricken and outraged when declaring in agonised fury his own love for Ophelia. He fights with Laertes, saying that ‘forty thousand brothers / Could not, with all their quantity of love, / make up my sum’. This shows that his despise of women could not overcome his love for Ophelia in the same way that Hamlet had trusted his mother to believe he is not mad but not tell Claudius that is an act, even though he had felt betrayed by her throughout the play. Therefore, Hamlet was shattered by his mother’s decision to marry Claudius so soon after her husband’s death, Hamlet becomes cynical about women in general, showing a particular obsession with what he perceives to be a connection between female sexuality and moral corruption. This motif of misogyny, or hatred of women, occurs sporadically throughout the play, but it is an important inhibiting factor in Hamlet’s relationships with Ophelia and Gertrude. He urges Ophelia to go to a nunnery rather than experience the corruptions of sexuality and exclaims of Gertrude, ‘Frailty, thy name is woman’. Gertrude seems to have a powerful instinct for self-preservation and advancement that leads her to rely too deeply on men much like Ophelia who is also submissive and utterly dependent on men. As these are the only two significant women in Hamlet’s life it is easy for him to conclude that ‘frailty thy name is women’.

Photography in Sebald essays

Photography in Sebald essays The art of photography is an important element in W.G. Seabald's novel The Emigrants. The use of photographs is an essential source of support for the main theme in the novel which deals with memories. The implementation of the various photographs in the novel show that Sebald does not take his readers imagination for granted. Sebald presents his readers with images, so that they are able to experience his descriptions of certain events first hand. Although many of the photographs seem almost unimportant to the story, they serve the purpose of showing the reader how simple images can awaken unwanted memories. The Emigrants is a novel that gives the impression of reading someone's personal memoirs; the use of photography also contributes to this feeling because it helps to connect fiction with the feeling of actual accounts of history. Firstly, Sebald's use of photographs indicates that he does not take his readers' imaginations for granted, therefore he provides them with pictures in order to make sure that they obtain the proper images that he wants them to. Sebald is not sure that people will remember the descriptions that he has accounted in the novel and feels that if the readers are given visual images, they are more likely to remember what is being said in the novel. There is a line in the novel where the narrator is talking about Ferber's ability to observe and remember faces; the narrator states, "whereas I for my part could never manage to picture those not present at any given moment" (Sebald, 163). Although the photographs are used for much more than simply a visual tactic for memorization, one can see through this quote that Sebald's own insecurities with his memory are part of the reason behind the photographs in the novel. The incorporation of these images are a way for Sebald to make the images accessible to the readers so they do not have trouble picturing them as the narrator does. ...

Human Resources Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources Management - Assignment Example This approach of managing the employees with the formation of definite strategies is known as strategic HRM. In other words, the strategic management of human resources implies the supervision and administration of employees according to the present and future objectives of the organization. It’s concerned with long term issues of the employees and it deals with the various macro elements of the organization that includes values, culture, structure, future needs, quality management, knowledge management and human resource development. It has a narrow objective of providing direction to the functions of the management in a chaotic environment, so that it can meet the individual needs and the collective needs of the staff through the application of suitable HR policies. The meaning of strategic human resource management implies: Use of planning A rational approach to the management and design of personnel management which is based on policies and strategies prepared in accordanc e with the philosophy of the organization. ... Figure 3.2 represents the Harvard approach while Figure 3.3 represents the Michigan approach. The Harvard approach is broader in comparison to the Michigan approach. Harvard approach deals with a situational perspective and takes into consideration the interest of the stakeholders in internal and external environment. This model doesn’t only emphasize on the performance but also pays attention towards individual and social well being. On the other hand, the Michigan approach is narrower and defines a much focused model which demonstrates a strong fit between the structure, HRM policies and strategy of the organization. This model puts more importance to the functional level of the human resource management which illustrates that the performance of an individual is dependent on selection, development, rewards and appraisal. The Harvard approach deals with a mixture of process and content theories, while Michigan approach is entirely content oriented.2 Source: Human Resource Man agement: A critical approach Importance of HRM An effective HRM framework helps the organization in3- Recruiting people through proper screening and interview techniques Developing their skills by providing them with proper training programs Motivating them with reasonable remuneration and addressing their grievances Retaining them with the introduction of various appraisal and incentive schemes Explain and analyze the HRM framework The human resource management framework is demonstrated in the following diagram The HRM framework describes all the essential function of the human resource management which has an ultimate objective of placing right kind of people in the right kind of job at the

New Media College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New Media College - Essay Example As the discussion stresses one major way in which everyone has been affected by the wave of new media is that, now the media does not present information and entertainment to us but with us. People are not passive audience of the media but actively participate in all the media related activities, as new media is highly interactive in nature. The audience decides what it wants to see or listen. Media is no longer controlled by companies but by its audiences. According to the paper findings people do not just read content but make content too. It has become so interactive that people are using the older media to connect to the revolution brought in by the newer media. One’s voice on the web can be put up with ease. Just get it recorded and it’s on the web passing your message to the people you wanted to interact about every possible issue. One to many communication is becoming a thing of past. One–on-one communication is the trend that is building up so in future the role of journalists will be limited. This threat has resulted in many improvisations in the way the journalist’s present information. In an attempt to sustain the competition from new media, they have become very interactive. They no more look as media people, but people among us catering to our requirements of infotainment. The blog trend is catching up. In the coming 10 years we will turn to blogs for news in virtually every field of interest. Wh ether it is business, politics, or other social issues, the blog is going to become credible first-hand vehicle of information. Similar to the blog small content management system, self-publishing, systems integrating audio and video publishing etc. would be the source of information in the next decade. The computer is becoming an integral part of all activities in virtually every thinkable area of our growth process. To improve corporate collaborations, the business leaders are turning to wikis and blogs. These two have the potential to make emails a part of the traditional media. In fact emails have been started being treated as snail mails. It has been observed in the journal 'Information Age' (2006, p. 27) that " wikisare easier to manage than hundred of emails. The theory is - much like open source software development -

Cost Estimate and the State Of Work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cost Estimate and the State Of Work - Assignment Example The IGCE statement is also very important in government reference and file keeping. It is a document when well kept can give the future generation the way the projects were carried and the amount of cash that they utilized for project completion (Federal government, 2009). It is also very important in countrymen taxation and government budget making for the year of the project. It also helps the government in the revenue allocation and in implementation of the governments’ strategic plans (Kinzie, 2010). This will lead to job creation, growth and expansion of the countries industrialization. Therefore a well documented IGCE statement safeguards the government’s properties through internal controls and audit trials for the government’s final project price. Reasons for Confidentiality The reasons why the IGCE should be kept a major secret is because the countries ethics and integrity must be retained and should be above reproach in business dealings with the government (Schwalbe, 2011). This will build the people’s confidentiality in the government hence creating harmony in the country (Federal government, 2009). The contracting officers must go to an agreement with the contracting officer representatives on the confidential financial disclosure report. This report is very crucial in avoiding conflicts between the official duties and the private affiliations. This report is also very vital in curbing away bribery from the public sector.

Analysis of Healthcare Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of Healthcare Leadership - Essay Example In the healthcare sector, the provision of quality healthcare has always been a key point of concern. The reason is that in healthcare, the lives of patients and their future lie in the hands of hospital practitioners like doctors, nurses and the support staff. All of these fragments of the hospital structure work together in liaison with the administration to ensure that quality service is provided to better the lives of the patients. To achieve quality; however, flexible and appropriate leadership styles need to be applied to ensure that the whole hospital structure's coordination effects service provision. To bring about this quality also requires effective leadership styles that aim to address any resistance to change and flexibility. In leadership, understanding the application and development of leadership theories prepares a healthcare manager in his tasks of predicting, explaining ad controlling operations. I challenge the validity of Kumar’s support for the transforma tional style of leadership and propose that the contingency style of leadership is the best option for ensuring change through the engagement of those resistant to it. Good leadership in health care has increasingly become a major issue as stakeholders have made the realization that through effective leaders, institutional change can occur. Robin Kumar in Leadership and Healthcare proposes that the transformational style is most effective in leadership since it attracts followers to own change.

Company and market analysis of BMW

Company and market analysis of BMW Businesses and enterprises become competitive in the market by consistently attracting and retaining customers. They have to do this by exchanging different kind of assets with consumers like: sufficient information, money, bonds, products, services, rank, and sentiment. In these cases of exchange, both the company and the consumers get benefitted.1 Recent update on our BMW cars overall sales rate: 7% rise 9.1% rise 2004 3.2 % rise 2005 1.5 % rise 2006 2% rise 2007 3% rise 2008 5% fall 2009 4.7 % fall Last two years we are suffering decline in sales rate. As our BMW Company is trying to overcome from the consistent decline of sales, we have to analyze some questions precisely. What should we sell in the market for the consumers? What will attract them to buy our cars? What will prompt them to buy that our good or service? What gives them the optimal utility? Understanding of consumer behavior will answer these questions very easily. This report contains the meaning and analyzing consumer behavior and its significance to make our BMW Company overcome from its measurable situation. The word consumer behavior is defined as, the behavior that consumer show when they are purchasing, searching, using, analyzing while buying, evaluating and disposing the product and services which they look forward to assure their wants. Consumer behavior give importance on how consumers always make their decisions to spend their available assets (time, money, effort) on consumption of various products and services.[ G.S. Gupta, 2004, P 119] Customers and Consumers The term customer refers to someone who on a regular basis purchases any products and services from a particular shop or company in the market.2 The term Consumer is defined as someone who is engaged in any of the activities those are stated in the definition of consumer behavior. So their difference is based on the terms of a specific company or firm. The term consumer behavior can be classified into two different kinds of consuming units: the personal consumer and the organizational consumer.3 The personal consumer means an individual user. The person purchase goods and services for his or her own use, for the use his/her household, for his/her family or as a gift for a friend in any occasion. The organizational consumer this generally refers to the profit and not-for-profit organizations, government agencies (local, state, and Federal), and institutions (such as schools, hospital, and prisons), which purchase products, machineries, utilities, equipment, and service to run their organizations. How to remain competitive in the market? To become the most desired company in the market a company has to give more value and importance to the consumers than the other rival companies provide them. Customer Value refers to the distinction between all the utilities received from a total product and all the costs to buy those benefits and utilities. A company has to be more responsive and helpful to the consumers needs than the competitor companies in the market. A specialized analyzing of customer behavior is the key factor for strategic marketing formulation. The organizations success or failure, decline in sales or surplus in sales depends on the consumers reactions to this specific marketing strategy. Marketing strategy starts with the analyzing of market segmentation, target market which means, the current state of the business environment, other rival companies and customers.4 The next stage is research on marketing mix. The marketing mix includes the product, price, place and promotion to the target market. The final stage will be the computing the outcomes of the company because of the current marketing strategy and consumers reaction to it. Consumer attitude refers to the consumer emotions like: their thought, feelings, and approach toward some elements of the business and marketing environment such as a retail store, promotions or product. Tri-component attitude models and the multi-attribute attitude models provide a somewhat different perspective on the number of component parts of an attitude and how parts are arranged or interrelated. Impact of External Influences on consumer behavior There is a huge impact of external influences on consumer behavior. The external in fluencies includes: Global and national culture, their subcultures, family, income, social class, opinion leaders etc.5 Now I will discuss a variety of factors those have an impact on consumer behavior. Besides, in this section it will be discussed about how our company should deal with these factors and how there will be augmentation of our car sales by dealing with these factors. 1)Factors those effects families and households purchasing decision: Families have higher incomes than the households. Because in the families more people are employed comparing to the households. There are some factors which have a great impact on the purchasing decisions of the families and households. We should give a vast significance on these factors. Besides, we have research some other factors like: age of head of household or family, marital status, presence of children, and employment status. a)Age of head of household or family: If the age head of the household or the family is not that much then it is very easily understood that the person is not that experienced. So he will be in great confusion in making purchasing decision like: buying or not buying products. For attracting them we should take some steps. Like: We have to make some business promotions where it is shown that a young head of a family is buying our cars and get satisfied in the end. Like: BMW 5 Series 523i SE 4dr Saloon6. If the head of the family is experienced then we have to launch some unique modifications in the BMW cars like: inclusion of NOS, Ejector seat and extra exhaust tips etc. because the person is really capable of making a good purchasing decision. On the other hand, we can launch some business promotions for them as well. b) Marital Status: Most of the young people of our country are unmarried. So we have to bring those modifications in our cars which really attracts the young generation a great deal. Like: we need to make some cars with gorgeous and attractive colors which really attracts the young generations. Besides, these modifications can be: bringing on fantasy and sensation in the BMW. For the married people we have to launch those products which help one in their married life and in the family. Besides, we have to make certain modifications in our current products so that it will be greatly convenient for the families and households. For example: we need make more promotions for some cars with great space into it so that the whole family can ride on to it.7 Like: BMW 3 Series 320d [184] Sport Plus Edition 5dr Step Auto Diesel Touring6 c) Presence of children: If there is the presence of more children in the families then there will be need of more space in our cars for their use. So we have to give emphasis mostly in these kinds of families to sell our product. Besides, we have to launch certain cars with more space.7 Like: BMW 1 Series 123d M Sport 2dr Step Auto Diesel Convertible or BMW 1 Series 135i M Sport 2dr DCT Coupe6 2) Family adaptability: Family adaptability is the ability of a family system to change its current situation of structure, relationships and relationship rules when there is a situational, economical and developmental change and stress. Family adaptability should be understood by the company while selling off their products and services.7 3)Status: Status means, the position that is achieved or acquired by someone in a family or a group in the society. Besides it includes the rights, approaches towards society and duties associated with that acquired position. Status is defined in the depending upon the factors of age or sex, family, occupation, and friendship or common interest. We have to analyze the status section carefully. If a person is in high status then we have to launch certain BMW cars with luxurious and unique facilities for them. Like: BMW 3 Series 330d SE 5dr Step Auto Diesel Touring ( £29,015 or  £505 per month) or BMW 5 Series 520d SE 5dr Step Auto Diesel Touring ( £29,598 or  £501 per month)6. If a person is in low or middle class status then we have to launch economical cars for them as well as making promotions for those economical products as much as possible. Like: BMW 5 Series 520d SE 4dr Step Auto Diesel Saloon ( £27,271 or  £455 per month) or BMW 3 Series 320d Efficient Dynamics 4dr Diesel Saloon ( £22,514 or  £367 per month) 6. On the other hand, we can sell our present product in an economical way to those consumers. [Loudon, 2001, P 200] 4) Norms: Norms are the rules and standards that the families and the groups within the society are expected to follow by heart and soul. So we have to conduct thorough market research about what the certain families and groups want for them. We have to sell our products and services to them by meeting their needs. Besides we can make certain modifications in our cars for certain groups. In this way we can overcome from our decline in sales. [Loudon, 2001, P 200] 5)Socialization: Socialization is defined as, how a young member of a group or family learns the norms, values, culture of that specific family and group. Consumer socialization refers to the way of how a consumer learns their function as an effective consumer in the market. This process is generally for the young generations. So we should sell our product to them by making unique modifications in our so that it attracts them greatly.3 Like: BMW 5 Series 520d SE 4dr Step Auto Diesel Saloon6 6) Power: Groups and families have power to influence their members purchasing decision and behavior. There are several sources of power within a family or a group. These includes: reward power, coercive power, legitimate power, expert power, and referent power. We have to utilize these forms of power to influence and attract consumers.3 We can use all three types of such group influence when developing several marketing promotions. Informational influence in promotion generally demonstrates powerful and experienced members of a group using a BMW. This will be a kind of message for the other members of the groups. The message can be like this: if you are or want to be in a group such as this one, you should use this car. It does not mean that the other members will be accepted or well rewarded by the group members for using it or punished for not using it. The message is really this: Everyone finds this car and its service the best among all. So all should use this brand without any hesitation including the members of that group or family. 7) Culture: Cultural changes affect the consumers in terms of their behavior and purchasing decision. So, understanding this has major implications for the formulation of marketing strategy. These typically include; product-planning, distribution channel, promotions, and target market decisions.3 a) Product Planning: We have to assess consumers present and emerging needs those will help us to identify new product launching and accomplish better product positioning among the target markets. b) Distribution Channels: Altering consumer-value scheme may guide to diverse shopping models, and innovative channel may be essential to attain customers. For customers who are time-pressured, retailers may offer home service for them which will be very much competitive for them. Retailers may use discounts and provide special offers to unemployed consumers. C)Promotion: Effective and precise promotions also help to make a purchasing decision. d) Market Segmentation: Familiarity with consumer assessment orientations provides a quantifiable set of variables, related to their needs. Some management theories on external influences on consumer behavior:8 The greater the social orientation on consumer the greater will be consumers propensity to accept family and social norms _So we have to take moves according to their needs as they will be more driven to their family and norms. We have to sell our cars in a way that it will meet the needs of certain families and norms. So their choice will be our first target and we have to sell our cars and modify our cars according to their choice. The greater the potential of a market choice to fulfill social aspirations or reduce social risks, the greater the chance of a consumer to make a positive purchasing decision _So we have to launch our cars in a way that it doesnt give rise to social risks and fulfill the social aspirations. Besides, we have to analyze what are their social aspirations and risks. We have to launch our cars according to their social culture. Consumers will have greater propensity to engage in relationship with such market that is recommended by the opinion leader of referral networks. _ In this case we have to convince the specific opinion leaders of specific referral networks by meeting their needs. We have to understand what kind of services and facilities they want from our car. We have to launch our car in such ways. Web references: 1 The customer is always right Online at http://www.bme.eu.com/article/The-customer-is-always-right/ [28 Aug, 2010] 2 Customer Satisfaction online at http://www.bmi-t.co.za/?q=content/customer-satisfaction [28 Aug, 2010] 3 consuming unit, socialization, power, culture/ Consumer Behaviour by Mr. Lawal Bello Online at http://www.nou.edu.ng/noun/NOUN_OCL/pdf/mkt%20724.pdf[28 Aug, 2010] 4 Marketing From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Online at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing [29 Aug, 2010] 5 Consumer Behavior Online at http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/economic/friedman/mmconsumerbehavior.htm [29 Aug, 2010] 6 BMW Automobiles Online at http://www.bmw.co.uk/bmwuk/homepage/ [29 Aug, 2010] 7 FAMILY INFLUENCES DECISION MAKING Online at http://www.articlesbase.com/marketing-articles/family-influences-decision-making-family-decisionmaking-1014177.html [29 Aug, 2010]

My Cinematic Version of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

My Cinematic Version of Macbeth In filming my own version of Macbeth, I would choose a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeare’s classic. In keeping with Shakespeare’s idea, I would film the piece in the great lands of Scotland. Using one of the famous castles of the land, I would make the time period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a little primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying. The costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, most people would be wearing heavy woolen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best looking pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions. Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesn’t stop me from using the latest technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or gray stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about five feet in stature. Young Siward will be a young boyish figure. Macbeth’s rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of Young Siward; therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special effects involved. Special effects would be used in the scenes of bad weather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches’ scenes as well as Duncan’s Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white transparent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body. My Cinematic Version of Macbeth :: Macbeth essays My Cinematic Version of Macbeth In filming my own version of Macbeth, I would choose a traditional route to capturing the essence of Shakespeare’s classic. In keeping with Shakespeare’s idea, I would film the piece in the great lands of Scotland. Using one of the famous castles of the land, I would make the time period somewhere around the 11th century. This means that things will be a little primitive, but historically correct. A re-occurring theme in Macbeth is death so the time of year would be fall, because the leaves are falling, and the plants are dying. The season is considered a time symbolic of dying. The costumes in the movie would anything but glamorous. Of this time period, most people would be wearing heavy woolen tunics with fur trimming. To keep warm in cold weather, they could wear animal skins around their legs with leather strapping. The royalty will of the movie will only wear the finest of these materials and the best looking pieces of clothing. Women would wear a heavy wool garment to keep with the chronological fashions. Now, although I would be filming the movie in a 11th century setting, that doesn’t stop me from using the latest technology and ideas. Makeup is an important part in the film industry today so of course I would use it to in my picture. The witches would require the most makeup. They would all have long, crooked noses, with facial hair and moles all over their face. Each would have long black or gray stringy hair. I would not have the witches standing tall. Two if not all three would have a humpback and be about five feet in stature. Young Siward will be a young boyish figure. Macbeth’s rage and overaggressive ambition are brought out by the slaying of Young Siward; therefore, Young Siward would look like a young innocent boy of the age of 12. Another modern idea would be the special effects involved. Special effects would be used in the scenes of bad weather. Lighting and thunder will be used for the witches’ scenes as well as Duncan’s Murder. The major special effect as well as the most dramatic will be the appearance of the ghost of Banquo. A holographic image of a white transparent figure resembling Banquo will have stab wounds and blood oozing from his disheveled body.

North and South as the civil war began Essay

As the Civil War began, each side had certain advantages and disadvantages. The North had great advantages in manpower, material, and organization. It had more than twice the population of the South, and many more factories to produce war supplies. The U.S. government had been functioning well for many decades, and the national level had sufficient powers under the Constitution to wage war effectively. The South had some advantages as well. Most Southern men were experienced in riding horses, hunting, and shooting. Its military leaders were experienced and effective, while the Northern armies struggled to find good leadership. Southerners were fighting to defend their own land, and thus had a strong incentive to fight well. The political organization of the Confederacy, however, was a disadvantage to the South from a military point of view. The CSA constitution created a loose association of the individual states, and it was sometimes difficult to get all of them to work together smoothly. The North used its advantages well as the war moved past the first year. It blockaded the South with a long line of ships to stop trade with Europe. It took control of the Mississippi River, thus dividing the South in two. It attacked deep into the heart of the South, winning control of large areas. With the victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg in 1863, even many Southerners sensed that the days of the Confederacy were numbered.

It Was A Usual Summer Morning In Story Brook Essay

It was a usual summer morning in story brook; the birds were chirping children were playing on the streets. Henry who was only eleven woke up to the sweet smell of his mother Emma’s homemade waffles. Emma is very generous when it comes to her children especially with Henry because he is the youngest out of three. The eldest is Simon he is 17 tall and behaves, the middle child is Steven. Steven is 15 years old does not behave at all and loves to annoy Henry. Emma told the children that school was starting in a few days and they all yelled with anger so she tried to cheer them up and said we’ll go buy the school supplies and stop for ice-cream on the way back â€Å"And whoever finishes first she said will get a double scooped ice-cream with any toppings so they all rushed to get ready. On there ay back they past by an abandoned home, henry looked up with a smile for winning the double scooped ice-cream asked his mom with curiosity â€Å"what is that place, can we go inà ¢â‚¬  his mother stopped the car with all her force and looked at him and said: â€Å"don’t you ever go in that place don’t even look at it and that goes for you two too† pointing at all three children. School stared and Simon is driving Steve and Henry to school when they passed the abandoned house, Steve dared henry to go in to the house alone on Friday night and when Simon heard there conversation he speeded up the car and stopped at the next paring spot and turned to them while scolding and said: NEVER GO IN THAT HOUSE DON’T EVEN WALK BY THAT HOUSE†. Later that night henry was thinking about the dare. The next morning henry walked to school because Simon and Steve were sick, and on his way to school where he passed the abandoned house and as he was walking past it his stood there for a second and stared at it for a second, he was about to open the front gate where he was grabbed by the shoulder by an odd old lady with light blue eyes thick grey hair tied up in a bun and knitting glasses and her name was Mrs. Potter. She scolded at him and said: â€Å"why young henry don’t you know better than to go in to this house and especially today?† henry looked at her with a puzzled face and he said, â€Å" Why what’s today?† That night Henry ignored Mrs. Potter and gathered some of  his friends and planned to go in that house the next day. The next night was a Saturday, when Henry and all of his friends woke up they went over the plan again, that night they all rode on their bikes and when to that house as they parked right out of that house Jack, Henry’s best friend heard laughter and screaming so he ran behind the tallest one Zack.. As the kids opened the house door they herd a glass fall but no one could see anything because there was no lights. Jack remembered he had a flash light, when he turned it on the first thing the kids saw was a skeleton they all screamed and ran up the stairs wear they heard someone yell â€Å"die die die †. As the kids turned around they found something standing behind them and when he turned on the lights they saw that it was a man. When they apologized and explained and the man kindly called their parents to pick them up. When henry’s mom came to pick him up she told henry that, that man was his father and the reason she didn’t want him to go is that she didn’t want him to know. Henry asked what are the skeletons and he answered, â€Å" I am science teacher† and the screaming â€Å"that’s my five year old son†, then why did Mrs. Potter say â€Å"especially not tonight† she replied, â€Å"It is her birthday† Henry found out that he had a dad and a new baby brother and henry learnt that he would never dis-obey his mother again.

Effects of Political Parties essays

Effects of Political Parties essays Effects of Political Parties Introduction Since the last of the Whig party left office in 1852, the American political system has been primarily a two party system. The Democrats and the Republicans have been the two parties fighting for the Presidency since that time. There have been many other parties since that time, but mainly, these two have gone unopposed against each other. However, how much good do these parties actually do? Would our country be run as effectively if the presence of political parties was no longer a factor? It is the opinion of the authors that the U.S. Government would exist without political parties and may, in fact be stronger. The concept of political parties seems to go against what it means to be a politician: to represent his or her constituents. More time, money and effort, it seems is put into getting elected to an office than actually doing work for the people in that office. One fairly recent example is seen in the case of the proposed federal Bala nced Budget Amendment. Mark Hatfield, Republican Oregon Senator, went against his parties wishes and voted against the amendment. His party nearly abandoned him for choosing the people over his party. Many senators are faced with the same decision every day, but instead stick with party beliefs and not what they feel would be the best for the people. In order for true democracy to be achieved in our government, we feel drastic changes need to occur. Review Of The Literature Since the mid 1850's, the Democrats and Republicans have had control of the nation government. The only place where opposition was felt was at the state and local levels. However, in the early days of our country, third and fourth party candidates played important roles in politics. A few of these parties from our history are the: Democrat-Republicans, Jefferson Republicans, Whigs and Federalists. Many other lesser known or hardly known at all parties were the: Socialists, Unionists, Far...

How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Essay Example

How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Essay Example How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Paper How Juliet is presented in Act 1 Scene 5 in the play and in Baz Luhrmanns film version Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Juliet is presented very similarly in both the film and in the text version when comparing in Act 1 Scene 5. This is the scene where Romeo and Juliet first meet each other and immediately fall in love. Although their presentation is largely the same, there are some slight differences. Juliet’s first meeting with Romeo reveals a lot about their newfound love. In the play version, Juliet’s first interaction with Romeo is in the form of continuing a sonnet, like, â€Å"much†¦touch† â€Å"this†¦kiss†. This immediately shows how much they are in unison and in love, as they are seamlessly able to continue the pattern of each other’s words. In the film version, this relationship is emphasised when Juliet talks like this to Romeo while she is still standing next to Paris. This is to emphasise how they have never seen true love until this point, as even though in Act 1 Scene 3, a only a few hours before this point, she said she would â€Å"look to like Paris†. This demonstrates the idea of â€Å"love at first sight very clearly†, as even though she is standing next to the man she is supposed to be loving, she still takes time out to talk romantically to Romeo. Even before this point, however, their fight true sighting is through a fish tank. This fish tank is not totally clear, but the two can still see each other through it. This signifies the fact that their love will be pure, but may not be totally problem-free. This may be used as a technique to show Juliet and Romeo to be future-tellers and can almost see their demise, but will not respond to it because they are so infatuated with each other. Juliet’s reaction when she realises that Romeo is a Montague reveals a lot about her love for Romeo. In the play, Juliet has a suspicion that Romeo is a Montague, so asks her Nurse to go and enquire about the identities of some of the men she sees. She is being very clever in the scene, asking the identity of a totally unrelated man before asking the Nurse to find out the identity of Romeo. This is used to deceive the Nurse, so she cannot get in the way of her love. This shows how obsessed she is with Romeo, as she is willing to lie to her childhood mother-figure in order to get to her love. This is not the same as in the film, as the Nurse will scold Juliet for kissing Romeo. In the play, Juliet is portrayed as braver, as she does not seek a private place to show her affection for Romeo. She risks revealing her true love because she cannot wait to stop and show his affection for him. This means that in both the film and the text version, she finds Romeo too interesting to think about anything else, so when she finds out that Romeo is a Montague, she finds it almost too difficult to bear. In both versions, she says â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate. â€Å"Only love† signifies a very true sense of love, so in both versions, she is seen to be a character who either very easily falls in love, or finds true love in the play. Contextual changes have been made to the character of Juliet in the film compared to the play. In the play, love was often a very rushed, not thought about matter, and some couples did not even meet each other until their marriage day. This corresponds to the play, because as soon as they meet each other, they agree to kiss. However, in the modern day, love tends to be more thought about, and couples spend some time properly knowing each other before they marry. This corresponds to the film, as Romeo and Juliet meet one another through a fish tank before asking to kiss. This represents the considered approach to love today, so can be described as accurate to today’s world. Overall, Juliet is portrayed as a very similar character in both the film version and the play version, and there are only slight differences, like making her love public and also not deceiving her Nurse. To conclude, the play and the film are very similar in their views of Juliet, but the film, being visual, provides us with more clues about her true character.

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay Example for Free (#13)

A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay ? We watched two different versions of Shakespeare’s ‘A Midsummer Nights Dream’. The first version we watched was from the BBC. This version showed the dream world mixed in with reality, which was quite good. The second version of this play was by channel 4. This was a little less detailed as it showed the forest with lights hanging down. The accents of the actors in the first version were hard to understand because they were from all over England. The first version was also hard to understand because the actors did not use very good body language. The first version also good in the way that it made its forest so life like, well as in the second version it was plain and had doorways in the middle from where people came from. The language use was easier to understand than the second version because the actors used more present English rather than old Shakespeare language. I think that the second version we watched was more suited to children rather than adults because it contained childish humour. When Puck gave Bottom a donkeys head it looked quite unrealistic in the first version because it looked like a rabbit. In the second version Bottoms ass head was good because it actually looked a little realistic. In the second version when Bottom and Titania fell in love, I think they went a bit over the top with the love scene. The first version of the play showed the dream world mixed with reality because Puck made it easy to see who was in the dream world and who wasn’t. The strange thing about the second version was having the little boy as a narrator. I think that may confuse people because they have now added another world to the whole story. There is now reality in the film, the dream world and reality in our world. When the first version showed the play by Bottom and his friends it seemed unpracticed and shabby. The second play showed a little humour by adding people forgetting their lines and the good roaring by the lion. They actually performed on a stage which was more appropriate for the occasion. In the first version they had to perform on the floor. If the actors were performing in front of a Duke and a Duchess then the performers should be given a proper performing stage. I think the second version of the play was by far the best because it had better acting and it showed some humour. In the first version I did not like it how the audience could sense the presence of the dream world. After Bottom and his friends had acted I did not understand why Puck had led all of the fairies through the corridors of the house. I think I prefer the second version of the play because I think it is more suited to my age group and plus I understood it a lot better than the first version. This is because it used present English and it used better body language. A Midsummer Nights Dream. (2017, Jul 12).